Biotechnology1682-296x1682-2978Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/biotech.2011.101.107arsH Gene in Lactobacillus acidophilus Resistant to Arsenite]]>SinhaVartika MishraRitesh KumarAbhinav KannanAmbrose UpretiRaj K.12011101The aim of the study was to develop arsenite resistance in Lactobacillus acidophilus and to show the presence of arsenical resistant gene in its plasmid. The arsH gene and its homologs are fundamental to confer high level of arsenite resistance in bacteria. In the present study in vitro resistance against arsenite (up to 32 ppm) was developed in Lactobacillus acidophilus and the gene responsible for high level of arsenite resistance (arsH gene) was cloned and sequenced. Concomitantly, arsenite Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), growth phase studies, antibiotic and heavy metal tolerance were tested for this strain. The arsenite-resistant strain IITR-RKU1 showed similar growth phase patterns to that of normal parent strain in the absence or in presence of arsenite in the media. PCR using specific primers of arsH gene showed the presence of 606 bp arsH gene on a 23 kb (kilo base) plasmid of Lactobacillus acidophilus. The putative product of this gene is 202 amino acids long, having calculated molecular weight of 23 kDa (kilo Dalton) and isoelectric point of 6.0. The amino acid sequence of arsH of L. acidophilus showed 99% identity with arsenical resistance protein of Acetobacter sp. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of arsH with CD (Conserved Domain) server revealed the signatures of Flavin Mono Nucleotide (FMN) reductase protein. So far arsH, in general, has been reported in Gram-ve bacterial isolates. This is for the first time arsH has been shown to be present in L. acidophilus plasmid pRKU101.]]>Altermann, E., W.M. Russell, M.A. Azcarate-Peril, R. Barrangou and B.L. Buck et al.,2005Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM.]]>10239063912Bauer, A.W., W.M.M. Kirby, J.C. Sherris and M. Turck,196645493496Berg, M., H.C. Tran, T.C. Nguyen, H.V. Pham, R. Schertenleib and W. Giger,20013526212626Bhakta, J.N., K. Ohnishi, Y. Munekage and K. Iwasaki,201032167174Bose, U., M. Rahman and M. Alamgir,20102010Branco, R., A.P. Chung and P.V. Morais,2008Ochrobactrum tritici SCII24T.]]>89595Chowdhury, M.A.I., M.T. Uddin, M.F. Ahmad, M.A. Ali and S.M. Uddin,2006612751286Gasteiger, E., A. Gattiker, C. Hoogland, I. Ivanyi, R.D. Appel and A. Bairoch,20033137843788Kamala-Kannan, S. and K.J. Lee,2008Bacillus species isolated from Sunchon Bay sediments Korea.]]>7149152Anukam, K.C. and G. Reid,2007Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum with probiotic potentials isolated from the vagina of healthy Nigerian women.]]>28187Van Kranenburg, R., N. Golic, R. Bongers, R.J. Leer, W.M. de Vos, R.J. Siezen and M. Kleerebezem,2005Lactobacillus plantarum.]]>7112231230Mahfuzar, R.,200624123128Marchler-Bauer, A. and S.H. Bryant 200432327331Mateos, M., E. Ordonez, M. Letek and J.A. Gil,2006Corynebacterium glutamicum as a model bacterium for the bioremediation of arsenic.]]>9207215Mukhopadhyay, R., B.P. Rosen, L.T. Phung and S. Silver,200226311325CLSI20022002Nies, D.H.,199951730750Nguyen, T.H., B. Splechtna, S. Krasteva, W. Kneifel, K.D. Kulbe, C. Divne and D. Haltrich,2007Lactobacillus acidophilus R22.]]>269136144Peters, S.C., J.D. Blum, B. Klaue and M.R. Karagas,19993313281333Salam, M.A., M.S. Hossain, M.E. Ali, M.A. Asad and M.H. Ali,20093110115Shrivastava, R., R.K. Upreti and U.C. Chaturvedi,2003386570Silver, S.,1996179919Sohel, N., P.L. Ake, M. Rahman, S.P. Kim, Y. Muhammad, E. E. Charlotte and V. marie,200920824830Klaenhammer, T.R.,1984102328Tamura, K., J. Dudley, M. Nei and S. Kumar,20072415961599Toxicological Profile for Arsenic,20052005Upreti, R.K., A. Kannan and A.B. Pant,2007213240Upreti, R.K., A. Kannan and A.B. Pant,2008546069Upreti, R.K., V. Sinha, R. Mishra and A. Kannan,2011In vitro development of resistance to arsenite and chromium-VI in Lactobacilli strains as perspective attenuation of gastrointestinal disorder.]]>2011Vorontsov, I.I., G. Minasov, J.S. Brunzelle, L. Shuvalova, O. Kiryukhina, F.R. Collart and W.F. Anderson,2007Shigella flexneri ArsH protein with an NADPH-dependent FMN reductase activity.]]>1624832490Neyt, C., M. Iriarte, V.H. Thi and G.R. Cornelis,1997179612619Liger, D., M. Graille, C.Z. Zhou, N. Leulliot and S. Quevillon-cheruel et al.,20042793489034897Osuntoki, A.B., O.R. Ejide and E.A. Omonigbehin,2008Lactobacillus isolated from dairy products.]]>7311316