Asian Journal of Scientific Research1992-14542077-2076Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ajsr.2019.421.430Monolluma quadrangula Extract Against Hyperammonemia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Ammonium Chloride-induced Rats]]>GermoushMousa Osman 32019123Background and Objectives: Excess ammonia results from liver failure can cause serious neuropsychiatric complications. Monolluma quadrangula is a succulent plant with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its protective effect against hyperammonemia hasn’t been reported. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of M. quadrangula extract on ammonia levels, oxidative stress, inflammation and Na+/K+-ATPase in ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)-administered rats. Materials and Methods: Rats received NH4Cl three times per week and 250 mg kg1 b.wt., M. quadrangula extract for 8 weeks. The animals were sacrificed and blood, cerebrum, liver and kidney samples were collected for analyses. Results: The NH4Cl-administered rats showed a significant increase in blood ammonia and liver and kidney function markers. Lipid peroxidation was increased, superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased in the brain, liver and kidney of rats. Treatment with M. quadrangular extract ameliorated blood ammonia, liver and kidney function markers, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase in NH4Cl-induced rats. Monolluma quadrangular extract prevented inflammation and decreased nitric oxide and glutamine levels in the brain of rats. In addition, M. quadrangula extract decreased the expression and activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the brain of rats received NH4Cl. Conclusion: These results showed the protective effect of M. quadrangula extract against NH4Cl-induced hyperammonemia. Monolluma quadrangula prevented oxidative stress and inflammation and modulated glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway and Na+/K+-ATPase in the brain of rats.]]>Damink, S.W.O., N.E. Deutz, C.H. Dejong, P.B. 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