<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.0 20040830//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/2.0/journalpublishing.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.0" xml:lang="EN">

  <front>

    <journal-meta>

      <journal-title>Asian Journal of Scientific Research</journal-title>

      <issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1454</issn>

      <issn pub-type="epub">2077-2076</issn>

      <publisher>

        <publisher-name>Asian Network for Scientific Information</publisher-name>

      </publisher>

    </journal-meta>


    <article-meta>

      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3923/ajsr.2018.415.427</article-id>


      <title-group>

        <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity-Brand Endorsement: A Study on its Impacts on
Generation Y-ers in Nigeria]]></article-title>

      </title-group>


      <contrib-group>

        <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Abdurrahaman</surname>

            <given-names>Daha Tijjani</given-names>

          </name>


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Owusu</surname>

            <given-names>Acheampong</given-names>

          </name>


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Soladoye</surname>

            <given-names>Bakare Akeem</given-names>

          </name>


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Kalimuthu</surname>

            <given-names>K. Ramanathan</given-names>

          </name>


        </contrib>

      </contrib-group>


      <pub-date pub-type="collection">


        <month>3</month>




        <year>2018</year>

      </pub-date>


      <volume>11</volume>

      <issue>3</issue>


      <abstract><![CDATA[<p><b>Objective:</b> The study aimed to examine the effects of celebrity brand-endorsement (CB-endorsement) on attitude as well as the purchase intention of Generation Y-ers in Nigeria using an adapted model of Ohanian. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Using the quantitative approach, structural equation modelling engaging SmartPLS 3.2.7 was used to investigate the relationships among the research constructs. A probabilistic random sampling technique (stratified) of 273 millennial students, from six selected federal institutions of higher learning in the Northwest and Southwest region of Nigeria, was used. <b>Results:</b> Results revealed that expertise of a celebrity does not influence Nigeria&#146;s Generation Y-ers intention to purchase the endorsed product. Attractiveness and trustworthiness of a celebrity, on the other hand, influence Generation Y-ers purchase intention. However, attitude does not mediate between the independent variables and the dependent variables. The study utilizes student Generation Y-ers mostly residing in the urban areas. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on the findings, the researchers recommended to the practitioners alternatives to the practice of CB-endorsement. Future research opportunity and constraints are also outlined.</p>]]></abstract>


    </article-meta>

  </front>


  <ref-list>
















      <ref id="56502">

        <label>1</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Apejoye, A.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2013</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Influence of celebrity endorsement of advertisement on students' purchase intention.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Mass Commun. Journalism, Vol. 3.</source>

          <volume>2013</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>






      <ref id="1925772">

        <label>2</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Torn, F.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2012</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Revisiting the match-up hypothesis: Effects of brand-incongruent celebrity endorsements.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Curr. Iss. Res. Advert.,</source>

          <volume>33</volume>

          <fpage>20</fpage>

          <lpage>36</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925777">

        <label>3</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Eisend, M. and T. Langner,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2010</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Immediate and delayed advertising effects of celebrity endorsers' attractiveness and expertise.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>29</volume>

          <fpage>527</fpage>

          <lpage>546</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


























      <ref id="97437">

        <label>4</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Osae-Brown, F.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2013</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Firms invest N500m in Nigerian celebrities for brand reach.]]></article-title>

          <source>Firms invest N500m in Nigerian celebrities for brand reach.</source>

          <volume>2013</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="97438">

        <label>5</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ebirim, J.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2014</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Entertainers' mega endorsement deals and what they are worth.]]></article-title>

          <source>Entertainers' mega endorsement deals and what they are worth.</source>

          <volume>2014</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="97439">

        <label>6</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>NBS.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Population of Nigeria, 2009: Nigeria data portal.]]></article-title>

          <source>Population of Nigeria, 2009: Nigeria data portal.</source>

          <volume>2016</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="97440">

        <label>7</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Elebeke, E.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Telecoms sector contributes 8.8% to GDP-report.]]></article-title>

          <source>Telecoms sector contributes 8.8% to GDP-report.</source>

          <volume>2016</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="97441">

        <label>8</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Tony, O.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Investments in telecoms hit $68b in Nigeria.]]></article-title>

          <source>Investments in telecoms hit $68b in Nigeria.</source>

          <volume>2016</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>










      <ref id="1925817">

        <label>9</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Wolburg, J.M. and J. Pokrywczynski,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2001</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A psychographic analysis of generation Y college students.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising Res.,</source>

          <volume>41</volume>

          <fpage>33</fpage>

          <lpage>52</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1456884">

        <label>10</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Lazarevic, V.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2012</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Encouraging brand loyalty in fickle generation Y consumers.]]></article-title>

          <source>Young Consum.,</source>

          <volume>13</volume>

          <fpage>45</fpage>

          <lpage>61</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925827">

        <label>11</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Petty, R.E. and J. T.Cacioppo,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1986</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion.]]></article-title>

          <source>Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol.,</source>

          <volume>19</volume>

          <fpage>123</fpage>

          <lpage>205</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>




















      <ref id="76180">

        <label>12</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Fishbein, M. and I. Ajzen,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1975</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research.]]></article-title>

          <source>Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research.</source>

          <volume></volume>

          <fpage></fpage>

          <lpage></lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="170747">

        <label>13</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hovland, C.I., I.L. Janis and H.H. Kelley,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1953</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies in Opinion Change.]]></article-title>

          <source>Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies in Opinion Change.</source>

          <volume> </volume>

          <fpage></fpage>

          <lpage></lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















      <ref id="1925830">

        <label>14</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>McGuire, W.J.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1986</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The vicissitudes of attitudes and similar representational constructs in twentieth century psychology.]]></article-title>

          <source>Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.,</source>

          <volume>16</volume>

          <fpage>89</fpage>

          <lpage>130</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="564398">

        <label>15</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ohanian, R.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1990</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertis.,</source>

          <volume>19</volume>

          <fpage>39</fpage>

          <lpage>52</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


























      <ref id="97443">

        <label>16</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ben-Nwankwo, N.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2010</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Endorsement deals: New income source for celebrities-Nigeriafilms.]]></article-title>

          <source>Endorsement deals: New income source for celebrities-Nigeriafilms.</source>

          <volume>2010</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="97444">

        <label>17</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ekeh, D.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2009</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity branding in Nigeria.]]></article-title>

          <source>Celebrity branding in Nigeria.</source>

          <volume>2009</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>










      <ref id="1925847">

        <label>18</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Oyeniyi, O.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2014</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity endorsements and product performance: A study of nigerian consumer.]]></article-title>

          <source>Manage. Market. J.,</source>

          <volume>12</volume>

          <fpage>41</fpage>

          <lpage>51</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1307880">

        <label>19</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ohanian, R.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1991</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The impact of celebrity spokespersons' perceived image on consumers' intention to purchase.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising Res.,</source>

          <volume>31</volume>

          <fpage>46</fpage>

          <lpage>54</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>






























      <ref id="56510">

        <label>20</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Wang, S.W. and A.C. Scheinbaum,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Trustworthiness Trumps attractiveness and expertise: Enhancing brand credibility through celebrity endorsement.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising Res., Vol. 58.</source>

          <volume>2017</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















      <ref id="28054">

        <label>21</label>

        <citation citation-type="thesis" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hoekman, M.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2013</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity endorsement. How does celebrity endorsement influence the attitude towards the brand and how does negative publicity affect this relationship?]]></article-title>

          <source>Celebrity endorsement. How does celebrity endorsement influence the attitude towards the brand and how does negative publicity affect this relationship?</source>

          <volume>2013</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>








      <ref id="1925866">

        <label>22</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Bashour, M.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2006</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[An objective system for measuring facial attractiveness.]]></article-title>

          <source>Plast. Reconst. Surg.,</source>

          <volume>118</volume>

          <fpage>757</fpage>

          <lpage>774</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925871">

        <label>23</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Kahle, L.R. and P.M. Homer,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1985</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Physical attractiveness of the celebrity endorser: A social adaptation perspective.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Consum. Res.,</source>

          <volume>11</volume>

          <fpage>954</fpage>

          <lpage>961</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925879">

        <label>24</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Chao, P., G. Wuhrer and T. Werani,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2005</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity and foreign brand name as moderators of country-of-origin effects.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>24</volume>

          <fpage>173</fpage>

          <lpage>192</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925886">

        <label>25</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Suki, N.M.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2014</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Does celebrity credibility influence muslim and non-muslim consumers' attitudes toward brands and purchase intention?]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Islamic Market.,</source>

          <volume>5</volume>

          <fpage>227</fpage>

          <lpage>240</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925889">

        <label>26</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ong, Z.Q. and D.L.T. Ong,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2015</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The impact of celebrity credibility on consumer’s purchase intention toward the footwear industry in Malaysia: The mediating effect of attitude toward advertisement.]]></article-title>

          <source>Inform. Manage. Bus. Rev.,</source>

          <volume>7</volume>

          <fpage>55</fpage>

          <lpage>63</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925892">

        <label>27</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Dom, S.M.S.M., H.S. Binti Ramli, A.L.L. Chin and T.T. Fern,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Determinants of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in advertisement.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Dev. Areas,</source>

          <volume>50</volume>

          <fpage>525</fpage>

          <lpage>535</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>




















      <ref id="170756">

        <label>28</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Patzer, G.L.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1985</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The Physical Attractiveness Phenomena.]]></article-title>

          <source>The Physical Attractiveness Phenomena.</source>

          <volume> </volume>

          <fpage></fpage>

          <lpage></lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















      <ref id="1925902">

        <label>29</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Caballero, M.J., J.R. Lumpkin and C.S. Madden,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1989</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Using physical attractiveness as an advertising tool: An empirical test of the attraction phenomenon.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advert. Res.,</source>

          <volume>29</volume>

          <fpage>16</fpage>

          <lpage>22</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="951517">

        <label>30</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hovland, C.I. and W. Weiss,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1951</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness.]]></article-title>

          <source>Pub. Opin. Q.,</source>

          <volume>15</volume>

          <fpage>635</fpage>

          <lpage>650</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1200210">

        <label>31</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Daneshvary, R. and R.K. Schwer,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2000</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The association endorsement and consumers' intention to purchase.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Consum. Market,</source>

          <volume>17</volume>

          <fpage>203</fpage>

          <lpage>213</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925907">

        <label>32</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Goldsmith, R.E., B.A. Lafferty and S.J. Newell,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2000</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The influence of corporate credibility on consumer attitudes and purchase intent.]]></article-title>

          <source>Corporate Reput. Rev.,</source>

          <volume>3</volume>

          <fpage>304</fpage>

          <lpage>318</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1307906">

        <label>33</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Till, B.D. and M. Busler,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2000</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The match-up hypothesis: Physical attractiveness, expertise and the role of fit on brand attitude, purchase intent and brand beliefs.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>29</volume>

          <fpage>1</fpage>

          <lpage>13</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925914">

        <label>34</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hutchinson, J.W. and D.L. Moore,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1984</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Issues surrounding the examination of delay effects in advertising.]]></article-title>

          <source>ACR N. Am. Adv. Res.,</source>

          <volume>11</volume>

          <fpage>650</fpage>

          <lpage>655</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="755399">

        <label>35</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Bauer, H.H., T. Reichardt, S.J. Barnes and M.M. Neumann,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2005</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Driving consumer acceptance of mobile marketing: A theoretical framework and empirical study.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Electron. Commerce Res.,</source>

          <volume>6</volume>

          <fpage>181</fpage>

          <lpage>192</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="601177">

        <label>36</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Mackenzie, S.B. and R.J. Lutz,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1989</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Market.,</source>

          <volume>53</volume>

          <fpage>48</fpage>

          <lpage>65</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925919">

        <label>37</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Sicilia, M., S. Ruiz and N. Reynolds,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2006</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Attitude formation online: How the consumer's need for cognition affects the relationship between attitude towards the website and attitude towards the brand.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. J. Market Res.,</source>

          <volume>48</volume>

          <fpage>139</fpage>

          <lpage>154</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925923">

        <label>38</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Heath, R.G. and H. Stipp,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2011</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The secret of television's success: Emotional content or rational information? After fifty years the debate continues.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising Res.,</source>

          <volume>51</volume>

          <fpage>112</fpage>

          <lpage>123</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1821175">

        <label>39</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Schlosser, A.E., S. Shavitt and A. Kanfer,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1999</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Survey of internet users’ attitudes toward internet advertising.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Interact. Market.,</source>

          <volume>13</volume>

          <fpage>34</fpage>

          <lpage>54</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1594200">

        <label>40</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>MacKenzie, S.B., R.J. Lutz and G.E. Belch,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1986</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The role of attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: A test of competing explanations.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Marketing Res.,</source>

          <volume>23</volume>

          <fpage>130</fpage>

          <lpage>143</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1821161">

        <label>41</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Wahid, N.A. and M. Ahmed,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2011</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The effect of attitude toward advertisement on Yemeni female consumers attitude toward brand and purchase intention.]]></article-title>

          <source>Global Bus. Manage. Res. Intl. J.,</source>

          <volume>3</volume>

          <fpage>21</fpage>

          <lpage>29</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925933">

        <label>42</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Javadi, M., S. Amirosadat, R. Balochiyan and F. Liravi,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2012</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Factors influencing users attitude toward mobile advertising in the city of Isfahan.]]></article-title>

          <source>Aust. J. Basic Applied Sci.,</source>

          <volume>6</volume>

          <fpage>78</fpage>

          <lpage>84</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925939">

        <label>43</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Pornpitakpan, C.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2004</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The effect of celebrity endorsers' perceived credibility on product purchase intention: The case of Singaporeans.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Int. Consum. Market.,</source>

          <volume>16</volume>

          <fpage>55</fpage>

          <lpage>74</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925941">

        <label>44</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Anridho, N. and Y.K. Liao,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2013</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The mediation roles of brand credibility and attitude on the performance of cause-related marketing.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. J. Soc. Sci. Edu.,</source>

          <volume>4</volume>

          <fpage>226</fpage>

          <lpage>276</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925945">

        <label>45</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Sheeraz, M., A.K. Khattak, S. Mahmood and N. Iqbal,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Mediation of attitude toward brand in the relationship between service brand credibility and purchase intentions.]]></article-title>

          <source>Pak. J. Commerce Soc. Sci.,</source>

          <volume>10</volume>

          <fpage>149</fpage>

          <lpage>163</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925946">

        <label>46</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hung, Y., T.M. de Kok and W. Verbeke,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Consumer attitude and purchase intention towards processed meat products with natural compounds and a reduced level of nitrite.]]></article-title>

          <source>Meat Sci.,</source>

          <volume>121</volume>

          <fpage>119</fpage>

          <lpage>126</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925948">

        <label>47</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Tan, C.S., H.Y. Ooi and Y.N. Goh,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict consumers’ purchase intention for energy-efficient household appliances in Malaysia.]]></article-title>

          <source>Energy Policy,</source>

          <volume>107</volume>

          <fpage>459</fpage>

          <lpage>471</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925952">

        <label>48</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Sharma, A. and D. Singh,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Brand attitude mediates the relationship between self brand connection and product involvement: A case of adolescent consumers.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. Edu. Res. J.,</source>

          <volume>3</volume>

          <fpage>481</fpage>

          <lpage>484</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925953">

        <label>49</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ko, S.B. and B. Jin,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Predictors of purchase intention toward green apparel products: A cross-cultural investigation in the USA and China.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Fashion Market. Manage.: Int. J.,</source>

          <volume>21</volume>

          <fpage>70</fpage>

          <lpage>87</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925955">

        <label>50</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Jin, N., S. Lee and J.H. Jun,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2015</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The role of brand credibility in predicting consumers' behavioural intentions in luxury restaurants.]]></article-title>

          <source>Anatolia,</source>

          <volume>26</volume>

          <fpage>384</fpage>

          <lpage>396</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


























      <ref id="97445">

        <label>51</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Alina, B.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Nigeria population by age and sex: Nigeria data portal.]]></article-title>

          <source>Nigeria population by age and sex: Nigeria data portal.</source>

          <volume>2016</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>










      <ref id="1925957">

        <label>52</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Van der Veen, R.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2009</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity endorsement effectiveness for print destination advertising.]]></article-title>

          <source>Eur. J. Tourism Res.,</source>

          <volume>2</volume>

          <fpage>186</fpage>

          <lpage>189</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>




























      <ref id="28055">

        <label>53</label>

        <citation citation-type="thesis" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Christine, M.K.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2011</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrities as brands: Exploring the role of celebrities in marketing and advertising.]]></article-title>

          <source>Celebrities as brands: Exploring the role of celebrities in marketing and advertising.</source>

          <volume>2011</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>








      <ref id="564403">

        <label>54</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Pornpitakpan, C.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2003</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Validation of the celebrity endorsers credibility scale: Evidence from asia.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Market. Manage.,</source>

          <volume>19</volume>

          <fpage>179</fpage>

          <lpage>195</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925960">

        <label>55</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Feick, L. and R.A. Higie,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1992</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The effects of preference heterogeneity and source characteristics on ad processing and judgements about endorsers.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>21</volume>

          <fpage>9</fpage>

          <lpage>24</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925963">

        <label>56</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Walker, M., L. Langmeyer and D. Langmeyer,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1992</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity endorsers: Do you get what you pay for?]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Consumer Market.,</source>

          <volume>9</volume>

          <fpage>69</fpage>

          <lpage>76</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925965">

        <label>57</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Wang, K.C., A.T. Hsieh and W.Y. Chen,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2002</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Is the tour leader an effective endorser for group package tour brochures?]]></article-title>

          <source>Tourism Manage.,</source>

          <volume>23</volume>

          <fpage>489</fpage>

          <lpage>498</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="601229">

        <label>58</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Yi, Y.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1990</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Cognitive and affective priming effects of the context for print advertisement.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>19</volume>

          <fpage>40</fpage>

          <lpage>48</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="787682">

        <label>59</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Lafferty, B.A. and R.E. Goldsmith,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1999</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Corporate credibility’s role in consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions when a high versus a low credibility endorser is used in the ad.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Bus. Res.,</source>

          <volume>44</volume>

          <fpage>109</fpage>

          <lpage>116</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


























      <ref id="96948">

        <label>60</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ringle, C.M., S. Wende and J.M. Becker,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2015</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[SmartPLS 3.]]></article-title>

          <source>SmartPLS 3.</source>

          <volume>2015</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>










      <ref id="785683">

        <label>61</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Bass, B.M., B.J. Avolio, D.I. Jung and Y. Berson,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2003</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Appl. Psychol.,</source>

          <volume>88</volume>

          <fpage>207</fpage>

          <lpage>218</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>






























      <ref id="55275">

        <label>62</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Bakare, A.S., A. Owusu and D.T. Abdurrahaman,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The behavior response of the nigerian youths toward mobile advertising: An examination of the influence of values, attitudes and culture.]]></article-title>

          <source>Cogent Bus. Manage. Vol.4.</source>

          <volume>2017</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>






      <ref id="1910184">

        <label>63</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Abdurrahaman, D.T. and Z. Osman,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Development of conceptual framework for Nigerian generation Y-ers' purchase intention and response towards indigenous celebrity-endorsed products: A PLS-SEM study on selected mobile service providers in Nigeria.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Administrative Bus. Stud.,</source>

          <volume>3</volume>

          <fpage>49</fpage>

          <lpage>59</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>






























      <ref id="56525">

        <label>64</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Owusu, A., G.C. Agbemabiasie, D.T. Abdurrahaman and B.A. Soladoye,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Determinants of business intelligence systems adoption in developing countries: An empirical analysis from Ghanaian banks.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Internet Bank. Commerce, Vol. 22.</source>

          <volume>2017</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="56526">

        <label>65</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Owusu, A.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Business intelligence systems and bank performance in Ghana: The balanced scorecard approach.]]></article-title>

          <source>Cogent Bus. Manage., Vol. 4.</source>

          <volume>2017</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="56527">

        <label>66</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Owusu, A., A. Ghanbari-Baghestan and A. Kalantari,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Investigating the factors affecting business intelligence systems adoption: A case study of private universities in Malaysia.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. J. Technol. Diffusion, Vol. 8.</source>

          <volume>2017</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>






      <ref id="551553">

        <label>67</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hulland, J.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1999</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies.]]></article-title>

          <source>Strat. Manage. J.,</source>

          <volume>20</volume>

          <fpage>195</fpage>

          <lpage>204</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1588986">

        <label>68</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hair Jr., J.F., M. Sarstedt, L. Hopkins and V.G. Kuppelwieser,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2014</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research.]]></article-title>

          <source>Eur. Bus. Rev.,</source>

          <volume>26</volume>

          <fpage>106</fpage>

          <lpage>121</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925754">

        <label>69</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Nunnally, J.C.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1975</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Psychometric theory-25 years ago and now.]]></article-title>

          <source>Educat. Res.,</source>

          <volume>4</volume>

          <fpage>7</fpage>

          <lpage>21</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925759">

        <label>70</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Bagozzi, R.P., Y. Yi and S. Singh,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1991</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[On the use of structural equation models in experimental designs: Two extensions.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. J. Res. Market.,</source>

          <volume>8</volume>

          <fpage>125</fpage>

          <lpage>140</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="766713">

        <label>71</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Fornell, C. and D.F. Larcker,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1981</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Market. Res.,</source>

          <volume>18</volume>

          <fpage>382</fpage>

          <lpage>388</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1879757">

        <label>72</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Henseler, J., C.M. Ringle and M. Sarstedt,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2015</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Acad. Marketing Sci.,</source>

          <volume>43</volume>

          <fpage>115</fpage>

          <lpage>135</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>




















      <ref id="169192">

        <label>73</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hair, Jr., J.F., G.T.M. Hult, C.M. Ringle and M. Sarstedt,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2017</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).]]></article-title>

          <source>A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).</source>

          <volume>2nd Edn.,</volume>

          <fpage></fpage>

          <lpage></lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















      <ref id="948947">

        <label>74</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Geisser, S.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1974</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A predictive approach to the random effect model.]]></article-title>

          <source>Biometrika,</source>

          <volume>61</volume>

          <fpage>101</fpage>

          <lpage>107</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1639378">

        <label>75</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Preacher, K.J. and A.F. Hayes,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2004</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models.]]></article-title>

          <source>Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput.,</source>

          <volume>36</volume>

          <fpage>717</fpage>

          <lpage>731</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>




















      <ref id="142179">

        <label>76</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Hair, J.F., G.T.M. Hult, C.M. Ringle and M. Sarstedt,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2014</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).]]></article-title>

          <source>A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).</source>

          <volume> </volume>

          <fpage></fpage>

          <lpage></lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="40592">

        <label>77</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Cohen, J.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1988</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.]]></article-title>

          <source>Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.</source>

          <volume>2nd Edn.,</volume>

          <fpage>Pages: 567</fpage>

          <lpage>Pages: 567</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















      <ref id="1383862">

        <label>78</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Preacher, K.J. and A.F. Hayes,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2008</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models.]]></article-title>

          <source>Behav. Res. Methods,</source>

          <volume>40</volume>

          <fpage>879</fpage>

          <lpage>891</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925703">

        <label>79</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>McGinnies, E. and C.D. Ward,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1980</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Better liked than right: Trustworthiness and expertise as factors in credibility.]]></article-title>

          <source>Personality Soc. Psychol. Bull.,</source>

          <volume>6</volume>

          <fpage>467</fpage>

          <lpage>472</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925710">

        <label>80</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Stafford, M.R.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1998</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Advertising sex-typed services: The effects of sex, service type and employee type on consumer attitudes.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>27</volume>

          <fpage>65</fpage>

          <lpage>82</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925715">

        <label>81</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Van der Veen, R.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2008</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Analysis of the implementation of celebrity endorsement as a destination marketing instrument.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Travel Tourism Market.,</source>

          <volume>24</volume>

          <fpage>213</fpage>

          <lpage>222</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925722">

        <label>82</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Stafford, M.R., T.F. Stafford and E. Day,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2002</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A contingency approach: The effects of spokesperson type and service type on service advertising perceptions.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>31</volume>

          <fpage>17</fpage>

          <lpage>35</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


























      <ref id="97436">

        <label>83</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Horovitz, B.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2012</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[After Gen X, Millennials, what should next generation be?]]></article-title>

          <source>After Gen X, Millennials, what should next generation be?</source>

          <volume>2012</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>










      <ref id="1925734">

        <label>84</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>McCormick, K.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Celebrity endorsements: Influence of a product-endorser match on Millennials attitudes and purchase intentions.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Retail. Consum. Serv.,</source>

          <volume>32</volume>

          <fpage>39</fpage>

          <lpage>45</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925739">

        <label>85</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Bergkvist, L., H. Hjalmarson and A.W. Magi,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2016</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[A new model of how celebrity endorsements work: Attitude toward the endorsement as a mediator of celebrity source and endorsement effects.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. J. Advertising,</source>

          <volume>35</volume>

          <fpage>171</fpage>

          <lpage>184</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925745">

        <label>86</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Samat, M.F., H. Hashim and R.N.R. Yusoff,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2015</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Endorser credibility and its influence on the attitude toward social media advertisement in Malaysia.]]></article-title>

          <source>Rev. Integrat. Bus. Econ. Res.,</source>

          <volume>4</volume>

          <fpage>144</fpage>

          <lpage>159</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="641757">

        <label>87</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Burke, M.C. and J.A. Edell,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1989</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The impact of feelings on ad-based affect and cognition.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Marketing Res.,</source>

          <volume>26</volume>

          <fpage>69</fpage>

          <lpage>83</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="1925673">

        <label>88</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Mitchell, A.A.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1986</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The effect of verbal and visual components of advertisements on brand attitudes and attitude toward the advertisement.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Consum. Res.,</source>

          <volume>13</volume>

          <fpage>12</fpage>

          <lpage>24</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>




















      <ref id="170754">

        <label>89</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Sheahan, P. and P. Sheahan,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2005</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Generation Y: Thriving and Surviving with Generation Y at Work.]]></article-title>

          <source>Generation Y: Thriving and Surviving with Generation Y at Work.</source>

          <volume> </volume>

          <fpage>pp: 72-77</fpage>

          <lpage>pp: 72-77</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















      <ref id="1925696">

        <label>90</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Halonen-Knight, E. and L. Hurmerinta,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2010</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Who endorses whom? Meanings transfer in celebrity endorsement.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Prod. Brand Manage.,</source>

          <volume>19</volume>

          <fpage>452</fpage>

          <lpage>460</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















  </ref-list>

</article>

