Asian Journal of Plant Sciences1682-39741812-5697Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ajps.2005.109.116ex vitro Survival and Growth of Ginger (Zingiber officinale
Rocs.) Influence by in vitro Acclimatization under High Relative Humidity
and CO2 Enrichment Conditions]]>Cha-umSuriyan Minh TuanNguyen PhimmakongKongchay KirdmaneeChalermpol 2200542The aim of this investigation was to acclimatize the ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) plantlets cultured photoautotrophically in vitro under different RH and CO2 concentrations and subsequent ex vitro adaptation. Plantlets acclimatized in vitro under medium or high RH (80±5 or 95±5% RH) with 1,000±100 μmol mol-1 (CO2-enrichment) conditions possessed significantly higher Relative Water Content (RWC) than those acclimatized in vitro under low RH (65±5% RH) with 450±100 μmol mol-1 (CO2 non-enrichment) conditions. The RWC of acclimated plantlets was positively related to maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) (r = 0.77), quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) (r = 0.89) and stomatal conductance (G) (r = 0.99), while negatively related to transpiration rate (r = 0.98). Moreover, the total chlorophyll concentration was closely related to ΦPSII (r = 0.77), lead to increase net photosynthetic rate (NPR) (r = 0.87). As well as, the intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and WUE of acclimatized plantlet positively related to NPR (r = 0.96 and r = 0.85, respectively), resulting in growth promotion (r = 0.99), as defined by the parameters of leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, root number and root length. Five days after transplantation, the WUE, G, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII of ginger plantlets acclimatized in vitro under high RH with CO2-enriched conditions were significantly higher than those acclimatized in vitro under low RH and without CO2 enrichment, while E and transpiration ratio (Tr) were significantly lower. The plantlets acclimatized under high RH with CO2-enrichment conditions showed the highest adaptive abilities and WUE, resulting in the highest survival percentage (90-100%) after transplantation to ex vitro.]]>Noguchi, Y. and O. Yamakawa,1988Zingiber officinale Rosc.).]]>38437442Sharma, T.R. and B.M. Singh,1994Zingiber officinale Rosc.]]>13300302Sharma, T.R. and B.M. Singh,1995In vitro micro-rhizome production in Zingiber officinale Rosc.]]>15274277Kozai, T., C. Kubota and B.R. Jeong,1997in vitro technique.]]>51144151Seon, J.H., Y.Y. Cui, T. Kozai and K.Y. Paek,2000in vitro growth conditions on photosynthetic competence and survival rate of Rehmannia glutinosa plantlets during acclimatization period.]]>61135142Pospisilova, J. and D. Haisel,2000ex vitro acclimation of tobacco plants as affected by CO2 supply and abscisic acid.]]>61125133Kozai, T., K. Tanaka, B.R. Jeong and K. Fujiwara,1993Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets in vitro.]]>62413417Tanaka, K., K. Fujiwara and T. Kozai,1992in vitro.]]>3195964Kirdmanee, C., T. Kozai and J. Adelberg,1996in vitro eucalyptus plantlets by controlling relative humidity ex vitro.]]>440616621Lawlor, D.W.,200289871885Lu, C. and J. Zhang,19995011991206Desjardins, Y.,19952 fixation in striving to optimize photoautotrophy in micropropagated plantlets.]]>11325Capellades, M., L. Lemeur and P. Debergh,1991Rosa cultured in vitro.]]>252126Pospisilova, J., H. Synkova, D. Haisel, J. Catsky, N. Wilhelwova and F. Sramek,19992 concentration on acclimatization of tobacco plantlets to ex vitro condition.]]>330119126Solarova, J. and J. Pospisilova,1997in vitro cultivation and acclimatization to ex vitro condition.]]>392330Lutts, S., J.M. Kinet and J. Bouharmont,1996O. sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance.]]>19207218Pan, Q., Z. Wang and B. Quebedeaux,19982 enrichment: Changes in photosynthesis, other soluble sugars and starch.]]>25293297Estrada-Luna, A.A., F.T. Davies and J.N. Egilla,2001661724Shabala, S.N., L. Shabala, A.I. Martynenko, O.K. Babourina and I.A. Newman,1998+ accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize leaves: A comparative survey and prospects for screening.]]>25609616Lichtenthaler, H.K.,1987148350382Loggini, B., A. Scartazza, E. Brugnoli and F. Navari-Izzo,199911910911100Fujiwara, K., T. Kozai and I. Watanabe,1987432130Siddique, M.R.B., A. Hamid and M.S. Islam,2000413539Tezara, W., V. Mitchell, S.P. Driscoll and D.W. Lawlor,20022 supply on the biochemistry and physiology of photosynthesis in sunflower.]]>37517811791Cha-um, S., K. Mosaleeyanon, C. Kirdmanee, K. Supaibulwatana,2003Azadirachta siamensis Val.) by reducing relative humidity.]]>29189196Flexas, J. and H. Medrano,20023 plants: Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited.]]>89183189Medrano, H., J.M. Escalona, J. Bota, J. Gulias and J. Flexas,20023 plants in response to progressive drought: Stomatal conductance as a reference parameter.]]>89895905Wheeler, R., C.L. Mackowiak, N.C. Yorios and J.C. Sager,19992 on stomatal conductance: Do stomata open at vary high CO2 concentrations?]]>83243251