American Journal of Food Technology1557-45711557-458XAcademic Journals Inc.10.3923/ajft.2008.264.274Clarias lazera (African Catfish) from River Tammah in Nasarawa State, Nigeria]]>AremuM.O. EkunodeO.E. 4200834Evaluation of nutritional composition was carried out
on Clarias lazera fish while functional properties were also investigated.
The proximate composition were total ash (8.6%), moisture (7.5%), crude
protein (73%), crude fat (8.3%) and carbohydrate (2.5%); crude fibre was
not in the detectable range. The available energy was high (1.59 MJ/100
g). The proportion of energy due to protein and fat were 78.0 and 2.7%,
respectively. The fish sample was low in sodium Na, potassium (K), magnesium
(Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr)
and lead (Pb). Calcium (Ca) was the most highly concentrated mineral (63.7
mg/100 g sample). The total amino acid was 925.2 mg g-1 crude
protein while lysine (Lys) was the most highly concentrated essential
amino acid (79.0 mg g-1). The fish sample had a balanced content
of essential amino acid in isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys),
methionine (Met) + cystine (Cys), phenylanine (Phe) + tyrosine (Tyr) and
threonine (Thr), with respect to the FAO pattern while supplementation
may be required only in valine (Val). The calculated isoelectric point
(pI) was 5.6, Predicted Protein Efficiency Ratio (P-PER) was 26.1 and
first limiting amino acid was Val. Results of functional properties were:
foaming capacity (4.9%), foaming stability (3.7%, 8 h), water absorption
capacity (280.5%), oil absorption capacity (280.6%), oil emulsion capacity
(20.0%), oil emulsion stability (19.5, 12 h), lowest gelation concentration
(10.0%) and bulk density (470 g L-1). The results showed that
Clarias lazera could be a good source of most of the parameters
determined in this study.]]>Abdullahi, S.A. and D.S. Abolude,200221418Adeyeye, E.I., A.A. Oshodi and K.O. Ipinmoroti,199445829836Adeyeye, E.I., N.J. Akinyugha, M.E. Fesobi and V.O. Tenabe,1996Clarias gariepinus (Cuvier and Vallenciennes), Cyprinus carpio (L.) and Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fishes in a polyculture fresh water pond and their environments.]]>147205214Adeyeye, E.I.,1997Sphenostylis stenocarpa) flour.]]>48345351Adeyeye, E.I.,1997Clarias gariepinus fish in a freshwater Pond.]]>34250Adeyeye, E.I., V.O.E. Akpambang and I.A. Adebomoje,200346270276Adeyeye, E.I. and O.H. Adubiaro,200484411414Adeyeye, E.I. and A.S. Adamu,2005Gymnarchus niloticus (trunk fish).]]>3265272Adeyeye, E.T.,19931377384Asiegbu, I.E.,198740151155Akobundu, E.N.T., J.P. Cherry and J.G. Simmons,1982Colocynthis citrullus L.) seed protein products.]]>47829835Alsmeyer, R.H., A.E. Cunningham and M.L. Happich,1974283438Altschul, A.M. and H.L. Wilcke,19855th Edn.,pp: 107-179pp: 107-179AOAC.,199516th Edn.,Aremu, M.O., A. Olonisakin, I.W. Otene and B.O. Atolaye,200521419426Olaleke, A.M., O. Olorunfemi and T.E. Akintayo,2006Vigna unguiculata) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) varieties grown in Nigeria.]]>43943Aremu, M.O., O. Olaofe and T.E. Akintayo,200653438Aremu, M.O., A. Olonisakin, D.A. Bako and P.C. Madu,2006Anarcadium occidentale) flour.]]>5328333Aremu, M.O., O. Olaofe and E.T. Akintayo,20075109115Aremu, M.O., O. Olaofe and C.A. Orjoke,2007Vigna subterranean), kersting=s groundnut (Kerstingiella geocarpa) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccneus) protein concentrates.]]>2007Aremu, M.O., B.O. Atolaye, G.R.I. Pennap and B.T. Ashikaa,2007Prosopis africana) protein concentrate.]]>397102Beaton, G.H. and L.D. Swiss,197427481485Belschant, A.A., C.K. Lyon and G.O. Kohler,1975Pirie, N.W. (Ed.).Bender, N.,19921992Beuchat, L.R.,197725258261Bhuiyan, A.K.M., W.M.N. Ratnayake and R.G. Ackman,1986633235Bingham, S.,1977pp: 76-281pp: 76-281Bingham, S., 19781st Edn.,pp: 123-127pp: 123-127Bowen, H.J.M.,199734250Brain, A.F. and G.C. Allan,19773rd Edn.,pp: 1-341pp: 1-341Chavan, U.D., D.B. Mckenzie and F. Shahidi,2001Lathyrus maritimus L.).]]>74177187Cherry, J.P.,19811981Chou, D. and C. Morr,1979565362Coffmann, C.W. and V.V. Garcia,197712473484Crosby, N.J.,1977102225268Fagbemi, T.N., A.A. Oshodi and K.O. Ipinmoroti,200647079FAO,19701970FAO, 19901990FAO/WHO,19911991FAO/WHO/UNU,19851985Fleck, H.,19763rd Edn.,Pages: 552Pages: 552Kinsella, J.E.,197956242258Lin, M.J.Y., E.S. Humbert and F.W. Sosulski,197439368370Marten, G.C. and R.N. Andersen,19751975Mudambi, S.R. and M.V. Rajagopal,19811st Edn.,pp: 57-63pp: 57-63NAS,19761976pp: 234-235pp: 234-235Nieman, D.C., D.E. Butterworth and C.N. Nieman,1992Pages: 50Pages: 50National Rearch Council NRC,198910th Edn.,pp: 284pp: 284Obodo, G.A.,200227173176Ogunlade, I.O., Olaofe and I. Fadare,20053130133Olaofe, O. and C.O. Sanni,1988307377Olaofe, O., F.O. Adeyemi and G.O. Adediran,199442878881Olaofe, O., L.A. Arogundade, E.I. Adeyeye and O.M. Falusi,199838233237Olaofe, O. and E.T. Akintayo,200044953Osajuyigbe, O.,19811981Oshodi, A.A. and M.N. Ekperigin,1989Cajanus cajan) flour.]]>34187191Oshodi, A.A., K.O. Ipinmoroti and E.I. Adeyeye,1997Sphenostylis stenocarpa) flour-III.]]>48243250Oshodi, A.A., K.O. Esuoso and E.T. Akintayo,199875409412Oshodi, A.A., H.N. Ogungbenle and M.O. Oladimeji,199943181185Robinson, D.E.,19871987Salunkhe, D.K. and S.S. Kadam,19891st Edn.,Sathe, S.K., S.S. Deshpande and D.K. Salunkhe,1982Lupirinus nutabilis) proteins and protein concentrates.]]>47491497Shills, M.E.,19731973pp: 215pp: 215Shills, M.Y.G. and V.R. Young,19921992pp: 276-282pp: 276-282Welcome, R.I.,19791979Narayana, K. and M.S. Narasinga-Rao,1984Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) flour.]]>49944947Akpapunam, M.A. and P. Markakis,198146972973