Asian Journal of Epidemiology1992-14622077-205XAsian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/aje.2012.75.86Aziz RahmanMuhammad SpurrierNicola Afzal MahmoodMohammad RahmanMahmudur ChoudhurySohel Reza LeederStephen 3201253The study aimed to determine whether hospital controls could be used in case-control
studies with minimal bias, where resource constraints limit recruitment of community
controls. Hospital controls and community controls were compared for socio-demographic
and risk factor variables in a study of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) use and Coronary
Heart Disease (CHD) in Bangladesh in 2010. Incident cases of CHD and hospital
controls were selected from cardiac hospitals. Community controls were selected
from neighbourhoods of CHD cases. We enrolled 302 cases, 302 hospital controls,
and 1208 community controls. Distribution of age, gender, marital status, occupation,
and socio-economic status was similar between hospital controls and community
controls. Compared to community controls, hospital controls were more educated,
had higher rates of hypertension and reported more family history of heart diseases.
But they reported relatively less physical activity. Current use of SLT was
higher amongst community controls compared to hospital controls, but was not
significant (adjusted OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.58-1.12). Current use of SLT was not
associated with an increased risk of CHD when community controls were used (adjusted
OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.19, p>0.05), nor when hospital controls were used
(adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.60, p>0.05). There were significant differences
between two control groups but only on confounding variables which could be
measured and adjusted for during multivariate analyses. For comparable future
studies in resource-scarce settings, it is possible to enrol hospital controls
with careful planning which are similar to potential community controls, whilst
minimising selection bias.]]>Critchley, J.A. and S. Capewell,20032908697Flora, M.S., C.G.N. Mascie-Taylor and M. Rahman,200918445450Grimes, D.A. and K.F. Schulz,200536514291433Gupta, P.C., M.S. Pednekar, D.M. Parkin and R. Sankaranarayanan,20053413951402Hansson, J., N.L. Pedersen, M.R. Galanti, T. Andersson, A. Ahlbom, J. Hallqvist and C. Magnusson,2009265717724Hergens, M.P., A. Ahlbom, T. Andersson and G. Pershagen,2005161216Hergens, M.P., L. Alfredsson, G. Bolinder, M. Lambe, G. Pershagen and W. Ye,2007262351359Hergens, M.P., M. Lambe, G. Pershagen and W. Ye,2008264187194Huhtasaari, F., K. Asplund, V. Lundberg, B. Stegmayr and P.O. Wester,199230512521256Huhtasaari, F., V. Lundberg, M. Eliasson, U. Janlert and K. Asplund,19993417841790Infante-Rivard, C.,2003157176182Janzon, E. and B. Hedblad,20092009Kabir, Z.N., C. Tishelman, H. Aguero-Torres, A.M.R. Chowdhury, B. Winblad and B. Hojer,2003377791Kawachi, I., G.A. Colditz, M.J. Stampfer, W.C. Willett and J.E. Manson et al.,19931199921000Lee, P.N.,201159197214Martin, J.S., D.T. Beck, A.N. Gurovich and R.W. Braith,201023512631268Moritz, D.J., J.L. Kelsey and J.A. Grisso,1997145653660Neupane, B., S.D. Waltera, P. Krueger and M. Loeb,201063926931Rahman, M., M.S. Flora, S.F.U. Akter and S. Hossain,20022002Rahman, M.A., N. Spurrier, M.A. Mahmood, M. Rahman, S.R. Choudhury and S. Leeder,20122012Rahman, M.A. and M.M. Zaman,200812213311338Ross, C.E. and C.L. Wu,199560719745Shibata, A., K. Fukuda, A. Nishiyori, I. Ogimoto, R. Sakata and K. Tanikawa,1998815Tell, G.S., J.E. Ryu, C.J. Thompson, F.R. Kahl and T.E. Craven et al.,19914410971104Teo, K.K., S. Ounpuu, S. Hawken, M.R. Pandey and V. Valentin et al.,2006368647658Wacholder, S., D.T. Silverman, J.K. McLaughlin and J.S. Mandel,199213510291041Wennberg, P., M. Eliasson, G. Hallmans, L. Johansson, K. Boman and J.H. Jansson,2007262360367West, D.W., K.L. Schuman, J.L. Lyon, L.M. Robison and R. Allred,198413235239World Health Organization-Bangladesh,20062006World Health Organization-Bangladesh,20092009