American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology2150-42102150-4253Academic Journals Inc.10.3923/ajbmb.2013.379.387Artemisia annua by Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAIL-PCR)]]>PoorebrahimM. HoseinzadehA.H. OmidiM. AsghariM. SanadgolN. 4201334Malaria, an infectious diseases, couses in almost 1 million deaths each year
over the world. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, is one of
the most effective antimalarial drugs purified from Artemisia annua L.
in China, 1970s. As the low content of this compound in plant many of studies
have been focused on using elicitors affecting gene expression involved in artemisinin
synthesis pathway. The main step to enhance artemisinin content in plant by
using elicitors is characterization of key genes promoter. Cytochrome p450 Reductase
(CPR) is one of the key enzymes that plays an important role in artemisinin
synthesis pathway. Promoter sequence of key genes involving in artemisinin biosynthesis
pathway included ADS, CYP71AV1 and DBR2 was isolated except CPRgene. We used
standard Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAIL-PCR)
with some modification in thermal cycle numbers to isolate the unknown 5' flanking
region of the CPRgene from Artemisia annua. Subsequent bioinformatics
analysis to characterize functional cis-acting elements inside the promoter
was performed. The 5' flanking sequence of CPR was cloned in pGEM-T Easy vector
and sequenced. Subsequent sequence analysis for characterize functional motifs
using bioinformatics software indicated a group of putative cis-acting elements
such as TATA box, CAAT box, G box, W box and etc., inside the CPR promoter.
This sequence was submitted in GenBank databases under the accession number
KC243135. Present study demonstrated that characterization of cis-acting response
elements can facilitate using elicitors to enhance artemisinin production in
plant.]]>Ferreira, J. and J. Janick,2009Artemisia annua L.).]]>2009Teoh, K.H., D.R. Polichuk, D.W. Reed, G. Nowak and P.S. Covello,2006Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) trichome-specific cDNAs reveal CYP71AV1, a cytochrome P450 with a key role in the biosynthesis of the antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin.]]>58014111416Duke, S.O., K.C. Vaughn, E.M. Croom Jr. and H.N. Elsohly,1987Artemisia annua), is a selective phytotoxin.]]>35499505Zheng, W. and S.Y. Wang,20014951655170Van Nieuwerburgh, F.C.W., S.R.F. Vande Casteele, L. Maes, A. Goossens, D. Inze, J. Van Bocxlaer and D.L.D. Deforce,2006Artemisia annua L. by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.]]>1118180187Klayman, D.L.,198522810491055White, N.J.,2008320330334Nakase, I., H. Lai, N.P. Singh and T. Sasaki,20083542833Singh, N.P. and H.C. Lai,20042422772280Mishina, Y.V., S. Krishna, R.K. Haynes and J.C. Meade,2007Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in vitro growth.]]>5118521854Sen, R., S. Bandyopadhyay, A. Dutta, G. Mandal, S. Ganguly, P. Saha and M. Chatterjee,2007Leishmania donovani promastigotes.]]>5612131216Borrmann, S., N. Szlezak, J.F. Faucher, P.B. Matsiegui and R. Neubauer et al.,2001Schistosoma haematobium infections: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.]]>18413631366Romero, M.R., T. Efferth, M.A. Serrano, B. Castano, R.I. Macias, O. Briz and J.J.G. Marin,2005in vitro replicative system.]]>687583Goswami, S., R.S. Bhakuni, A. Chinniah, A. Pal, S.K. Kar and P.K. Das,2012Helicobacter pylori potential of artemisinin and its derivatives.]]>5645944607Jung, M. and R.F. Schinazi,1994in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of artemisinin (qinghaosu)-related trioxanes.]]>4931934Misra, L.N., A. Ahmad, R.S. Thakur, H. Lotter and H. Wagner,1993Artemisia annua.]]>56215219Sarina, Y. Yagi, O. Nakano, T. Hashimoto and K. Kimura et al.,201314906171Robert, A. and B. Meunier,199827273274Meshnick, S.R.,20023216551660Yamachika, E., T. Habte and D. Oda,20042421532160WHO,20082008Zurovac, D., M. Ndhlovu, N. Sipilanyambe, P. Chanda, D.H. Hamer, J.L. Simon and R.W. Snow,20072007Ali, M., B.H. Kiani, T. Ismail and B. Mirza,2012Artemisia dubia.]]>616191622Baldi, A. and V. Dixit,2008Artemisia annua.]]>9946094614Weathers, P., G. Bunk and M. McCoy,2005Artemisia annua hairy roots.]]>414753Zhang, L., F. Jing, F. Li, M. Li and Y. Wang et al.,2009Artemisia annua (Chinese wormwood) plants with an enhanced content of artemisinin, an effective anti-malarial drug, by hairpin-RNA-mediated gene silencing.]]>52199207Wang, J.W., Z. Zhang and R.X. Tan,2001Colletotrichum sp.]]>23857860Putalun, W., W. Luealon, W. De-Eknamkul, H. Tanaka and Y. Shoyama,2007Artemisia annua L.]]>2911431146Zheng, L.P., Y.T. Guo, J.W. Wang and R.X. Tan,2008Artemisia annua hairy roots.]]>504955Towler, M.J. and P.J. Weathers,20072621292136Zeng, Q., F. Qiu and L. Yuan,200830581592Liu, Y.G. and R.F. Whittier,199525674681Lescot, M., P. Dehais, G. Thijs, K. Marchal and Y. Moreau et al.,2002cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences.]]>30325327Higo, K.,Y. Ugawa, M. Iwamoto and T. Korenaga,199927297300Kiran, K., S.A. Ansari, R. Srivastava, N. Lodhi, C.P. Chaturvedi, S.V. Sawant and R. Tuli,2006142364376Song, J. and Z. Wang,2009SmPAL1) from Salvia miltiorrhiza.]]>36939952Menkens, A.E., U. Schindler and A.R. Cashmore,199520506510Donald, R.G. and A.R. Cashmore,1990917171726Yin, H., A. Kjaer, X.C. Frette, Y. Du, L.P. Christensen, M. Jensen and K. Grevsen,2012Artemisia annua L.]]>4715591562Rushton, P.J., J.T. Tones, M. Parniske, P. Wernert, K. Hahlbrock and I.E. Somssich,19961556905700Fukuda, Y. and H. Shinshi,199424485493Liu, Z.B., T. Ulmasov, X. Shi, J. Hagen and T.J. Guilfoyle,19946645657Lyon, J., C. Robinson and R. Watson,19945373388Noori, S., Z.M. Hassan and V. Farsam,20132013Liu, C., Y.W.X. Xu, F. Ouyang, H. Ye and G. Li,1999Artemisia annua L by fungal elicitor.]]>20161164Yang, Y. and D.F. Klessig,1996myb oncogene homolog from tobacco.]]>931497214977Gubler, F., R. Kalla, J.K. Roberts and J.V. Jacobsen,1995718791891Abe, H., T. Urao, T. Ito, M. Seki, K. Shinozaki and K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki,2003156378Kim, S.H., Y.J. Chang and S.U. Kim,2008Arabidopsis thaliana.]]>74188193Wang, Y., K. Yang, F. Jing, M. Li and T. Deng et al.,2011Artemisia annua L.]]>45751758