Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances1683-99191996-3289Academic Journals Inc.10.3923/ajava.2012.588.596Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Linnaeus)]]>ChezhianA. SenthamilselvanD. KabilanN. 7201277Ammonia is one of the serious problems in fish culture especially in recirculation systems, aquaria and fish ponds. The effect of ammonia exposure at different pH levels on gills of common carp Cyprinus carpio was studied for 96 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of ammonia for 96 h was 22 ppm, ammonia with low pH (5.0) was 27 ppm and ammonia with high pH (8.0) was 18 ppm. In the present study ammonia and different pH levels induced several changes in the fish gills like lamellar fusion, edema, hyperplasia, chloride cell proliferation and fusion in secondary lamella as compared with control. The impact of gill epithelium was less in ammonia and ammonia with low pH exposed fish than ammonia with high pH exposed fish. These parameters are indicative of pH dependence of ammonia toxicity and gill histology may be used as early indicators of toxicity in aquatic animals.]]>Abdel-Moneim, A.M., N.M. Abou Shabana, S.E.M. Khadre and H.H. Abdel-Kader, 2008Clarias lazera) exposed to dyestuff and chemical wastewater.]]>4189202APHA, AWWA and WPCF,197614th Edn.,Joseph, B. and S.J. Raj,20117212222Bais, U.E. and M.V. Lokhande,2012Ophiocephalus striatus (Channa).]]>82332Altinok, I. and E. Capkin,200735405410Benli, A.C.K. and G. Koksal,2005O. niloticus L.) larvae and fingerlings.]]>29339344Bloxham, M.J., P.J. Worsfold and M.H. Depledge,1999In situ physiological responses of freshwater crayfish to fluctuations in environmental ammonia concentrations.]]>8225237Daye, P.G. and E.T. Garside,1976Salvelnius fontinalis (Mitchell), exposed to acute and chronic levels of pH.]]>5421402155El-sherif, M.S., E. Feky and M. Amal,2008O. niloticus) performance and some hematologicِal and histological measures.]]>2008pp: 513530Finney, D.J.,19783rd Edn.,Pages: 508Pages: 508Frances, J., B.F. Nowak and G.L. Allan,2000Bidyanus bidyanus).]]>18395103Abbas, H.H.,2006Cyprinus carpio) at different pH levels.]]>922152221Abbas, H.H. and F.K. Ali,2007Orechromis spp. Fish.]]>1039733982Humason, G.L.,19794th Edn.,pp: 3-331.pp: 3-331.Ingersoll, C.G., D.A. Sanchez, J.S. Meyer, D.D. Gulley and J.E. Tietge,1990Salvelinus fontinalis) fry.]]>4716161622Lamchumchang, K., W. Jiraungkoorskul, S. Sahaphong, T. Tansatit, P. Kosai and R. Madarasmi,2007Oreochromis niloticus).]]>2104114Kirk, R.S. and J.W. Lewis,199314577585Larmoyeux, J.D. and R.G. Piper,19733528Lease, H.M., J.A. Hansen, H.L. Bergman and J.S. Meyer,2003134491500Mahjoor, A.A. and R. Loh,2008Oncorhynchus mykiss).]]>3303306Mallatt, J.,198542630648Meade, J.W.,198547135145Miron, D.D.S., B. Moraes, A.G. Becker, M. Crestani and R. Spanevello, L.L. Vania and B. Baldisserotto,2008Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae).]]>277192196Moharram, S.G., O.M. Wahbi and Z.A. El-Greisy,2011Siganus rivulatus.]]>14668681Mueller, M.E., D.A. Sanchez, H.L. Bergman, D.G. McDonald, R.G. Rhem and C.M. Wood,1991Salvelinus fontinalis). II. gill histology.]]>4820162027Osman, M.M., S.A. El-Fiky, Y.M. Soheir and A.I Abeer,2009Oreochromis niloticus fish.]]>3923Pearse, A.G.E.,19683rd Edn.,pp: 13-102.pp: 13-102.Peuranen, S., P.J. Vuroinen, M. Vuorinen and H. Tuurala,1993134979988Roberts, R.J.,19781st Edn.,pp: 235-246pp: 235-246Salin, D. and P. Williot,1991Acipenser baeri).]]>1991pp: 153-167pp: 153-167Scobodova, Z., R. Lloyd and J. Machova,1993541116Segner, H., R. Mathaler and M. Linnenbach,1988Salmo trutta, in low pH water.]]>21153159Smart, G.,1976Salmo gairdneri).]]>8471475Smith, C.E. and R.G. Piper,19751975pp: 497-514pp: 497-514Spencer, P., R. Pollock and M. Dube,2008Cottus cognatus).]]>90300309Tandjung, S.D.,1982Salvelinus Fontinalis, Mitchell) Exposed to Aluminum in Acid Water.]]>Pages: 426Pages: 426Thurston, R.V., R.J. Russo, R.J. Luedtke, C.E. Smith and E.L. Meyn et al.,19841135673Tietge, J.E., R.D. Johnson and H.L. Bergman,1988Salvelinus fontinalis) after long-term exposure to acid and aluminium.]]>4516431648Tomasso, J.R., M.I. Wright, B.A. Simco and K.B. Davis,198042144146Venkataraman, G.V., P.N.S. Rani, N.S. Raju, S.T. Girisha and B.V. Raghavendra,2007Glossogobius giuris.]]>1115Wajsbrot, N., A. Gasith, A. Diamant and D.M. Popper,1993Sparus aurata and related histopathological effects.]]>42321328Jiraungkoorskul, W., S. Sahaphong, N. Kangwanrangsan and M.H. Kim,2006Puntius altus).]]>1191199Wilkie, M.P. and C.M. Wood,1996113665673Wood, C.M.,20012001pp: 1-89pp: 1-89Wood, C.M., B.P. Simons, D.R. Mount and H.L. Bergman,1988Salvelinus fontinalis). 2. blood parameters by cannulation.]]>4515971605Mobarak, Y.M.S. and M.M. Sharaf,2011Poecilia latipinna).]]>7118Lemariea, G., A Dosdat, D. Covesa, G. Duttoa, E. Gasseta and J. Person-Le Ruyetb,2004Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles.]]>229479491