Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances1683-99191996-3289Academic Journals Inc.10.3923/ajava.2011.322.3322+ Oscillations and ER Cluster Distribution to Porcine Oocyte Fragmentation]]>TangDa-Wei LiuShen LiuZhen-Xing WuYi WangXian-Long ZhangJing BaoZhong-Jian CuiMao-Sheng YangLing WuYue ZhaoShuan ZengShen-Ming 4201164Ca2+ is an important intracellular messenger during oocyte development. Ca2+ oscillations are dependent upon the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), an internal Ca2+ store capable of releasing and re-sequestering Ca2+. However, mechanisms that regulate oocyte fragmentation are unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mechanism of Ca2+ release and ER cluster distributions during fragmentation of aging culture porcine oocytes. After oocytes were cultured over a 40 h interval, ER cluster distributor and Ca2+ amplitudes significantly decreased. Oocyte fragmentation appeared after cells had been cultured 24 h and reached its peak at 48 h. At 40 h, normal morphology oocytes (NMor ) had low Ca2+ amplitude and little ER cluster distributor; partial fragmentation (PFra) oocytes had less frequent and shorter amplitudes of Ca2+ release with ER cluster distribution partly aggregated in cytoplasm; whereas complete fragmentation oocytes (Cfra), which were increased by low voltage EA or enucleation, had no Ca2+ amplitude or ER cluster distribution. The number of PFra oocytes that proceeded to CFra following aging was increased in a Ca2+ free medium. We therefore conclude that extracellular Ca2+ abnormality resulted in altered intracellular Ca2+, leading to changes in oocyte fragmentation dynamics.]]>Berridge, M.J., P. Lipp and M.D. Bootman,200011121Bian, X., Jr. F.M. Hughes, Y. Huang, J.A. Cidlowski and Jr. J.W. Putney,19972+ and intracellular Ca2+ stores in induction and suppression of apoptosis in S49 cells.]]>27212411249Csordas, G., A.P. Thomas and G. Hajnoczky,19991896108Cuthbertson, K.S.R., D.G. Whittingham and P.H. Cobbold,19812+ increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation.]]>294754757Perez, G.I., X.J. Tao and J.L. Tilly,19995414420Gordo, A.C., H. Wu, C.L. He and R.A. Fissore,20002+](i) oscillations and oocyte age.]]>6213701379Gordo, A.C., P. Rodrigues, M. Kurokawa, T. Jellerette, G.E. Exley, C. Warner and R. Fissore,2002in vitro aged mouse eggs.]]>6618281837Hao, Z.D., S. Liu, Y. Wu, P.C. Wan, M.S. Cui, H. Chen and S.M. Zeng,20092+ release after electro-activation contribute to poor developmental competence of porcine oocyte during in vitro ageing.]]>21323332Igarashi, H., E. Takahashi, M. Hiroi and K. Doi,199748383390Jiang, S., S.C. Chow, P. Nicotera and S. Orrenius,19942+ signals activate apoptosis in thymocytes: Studies using the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin.]]>2128492Kim, J., T.G. Choi, Y. Ding and Y. Kim et al.,20082+ homeostasis after ER stress.]]>12136363648 Jones, K.T. and D.G. Whittingham,1996178229237Kang, Y.K. and M.K. Park,20052+ store: Regulation of Ca2+ release and reuptake by intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ in pancreatic acinar cells.]]>19268278Kikuchi, K., K. Naito, J. Noguchi, A. Shimada and H. Kaneko et al.,200063715722Kikuchi, K., K. Naito, J. Noguchi, A. Shimada and H. Kaneko et al.,1999in vitro.]]>7173179Lim, D., K. Kyozuka, G. Gragnaniello, E.C. and L. Santella,2001+ initiates the Ca2+ response during fertilization of starfish oocytes.]]>1522572267Maruyama, Y., H. Shimada and J. Taniguchi,19952+-activated K+-channels in the nuclear envelope isolated from single pancreatic acinar cells.]]>430148150Petrova, I., M. Sedmikova, E. Chmelikova, D. Svestkova and R. Rajmon,2004In vitro aging of porcine oocytes.]]>499398Nicotera, P., G. Bellomo and S. Orrenius,199232449470Rahman, A.N.M.A., R.B. Abdullah and W.E. Wan Khadijah,2007in vitro matured oocytes of heterogeneous quality through intracytoplasmic sperm injection technique.]]>6373382Soboloff, J. and S.A. Berger,20022+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.]]>2771381213820Sun, F.Z., J. Hoyland, X. Huang, W. Mason and R.M. Moora,1992115947956Szalai, G., R. Krishnamurthy and G. Hajnoczky,19993-linked mitochondrial calcium signals.]]>1863496361Takahashi, T., H. Saito, M. Hiroi, K. Doi and E. Takahashi,20002+ release in unfertilized mouse oocytes.]]>55299306Tanabe, K., R.B. Mikkelsen and D.F.H. Wallach,198293680684Tarin, J.J., S. Perez-Albala, A. Aguilar, J. Minarro, C. Hermenegildo and A. Cano,19996113471355Tsien, R.W. and R.Y. Tsien,19906715760Yoshioka, K., C. Suzuki, A. Tanaka, M.K. Idris Anas and S. Iwamura,200266112119