Asian Journal of Applied Sciences1996-3343xxxx-xxxxKnowledgia Review10.3923/ajaps.2022.53.63Al-AtiyatRaed M. S. AljumaahRiyadh MigdadiHussien AlghamdiAbdulrhman A. LawalRaman MwacharoJoram HanotteOlivier 22022152Background and Objective: All domesticated chickens originated from the red jungle fowl (RJF) accounted for maternal ancestry. A study was conducted to describe the phenotypic traits controlled by a single Mendelian gene found in indigenous Saudi chickens to achieve better utilization of their genetic resources. Materials and Methods: The sampled chicken was randomly collected from rural regions across the North, South, East and West of Saudi Arabia. The phenotypic traits were body weight and morphology traits, body plumage, body parts type and feather distribution. Also reported common visual wild-type traits considering those of the red jungle fowl (RJF) (Gallus gallus). The sampling included 164 males and 324 females. Traits presence is expressed as a percentage of the total number of chickens analyzed considering deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium using Chi-square and statistical analysis tests. Results: The results showed that morphological traits varied significantly (p<0.05) between regions and sexes. For example, males from the center region were heavy-weight while the females were light-weight. The dominantly observed phenotypic traits including brown colour, single comb, red comb, black peak, red earlobe, brown colour, yellow shank, red face, red wattle and normal feather distribution. On the other hand, the wild-type traits were a single comb, red comb colour, red earlobe with a white spot, orange eye colour, grey shank colour and white rum at the base of the male’s tail. These traits may indicate the ability of chickens to tolerate heat stress, feed scarcity and disease resistance. 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