Asian Journal of Applied Sciences1996-3343xxxx-xxxxKnowledgia Review10.3923/ajaps.2018.192.198Vitis vinifera Peels]]>Anayo JosephUraku Oluchi HelenUraku Friday NwaloNweke Obasi UcheOrji Ikechukwu OkorieIgwenyi NzubechukwuEdwin Nkiru NwamakaEzeani 42018114Background and Objectives:Vitis vinifera is small round or oval berry that feature semi-translucent flesh encased by a smooth skin. It is grown for its juice and the peels discarded as waste. This is done due to lack of awareness of the health benefits of itspeels. This study was aimed to determine the phytochemicals and bioactive principle of V. vinifera peels. Materials and Methods: The peels of V. vinifera were obtained from the fruits and shade dried at room temperature. The dried peels were pulverized into fine powder. The phytochemicals and bioactive amalgams were done by method of AOAC and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Results: The results of phytochemical studies showed V. vinifera peelshad high levels of alkaloids, phenol, tannins and oxalate with saponin low while vitamin contents had highest amounts of Vitamin A and B9, moderate amounts of C and E with trace amounts of B1, B2 and B5. Also, the results of proximate contents indicate that carbohydrate content was highest. Other findings are crude fibre, crude protein, fats, moisture and ash. Mineral analysis revealed the order K>Mg>Fe>Na>Ca in the Vitis vinifera. The mass spectrum of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Seven bioactive compounds were identified in methanol peel extract by GC-MS analysis The result revealed that the peel had high peak areas (%) in the order of octadec-11-enoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol, hexadecanoic acid, Methyl 14-methyl pentadecanoate, stearic acid, methyl ester, 5-chloropyridin-2-ol and 8-hydroxyocta-2,4,6-trien-1-ylium. Conclusion: The findings therefore, suggest that there is an indication that V. vinifera peels contains chief phytochemicals and bioactive compounds that may be linked to its beneficial effects on health.]]>Arora, M. and P. Kaur,20132517522Maniyan, A., R. John and A. Mathew,201511319Roger, K.B., K.N.G. Ysidor and B.G. Henri,2013Citrus sinensis) peels.]]>311811190Kumar, K.A. and K. Vijayalakshmi,2011Punica granatum Peel and Vitis vinifera seeds.]]>2B461B468Kadhim, M.J., A.B. Al-Rubaye and I.H. Hameed,2017Vitis vinifera using GC-MS.]]>9113126Burin, V.M., N.E. Ferreira-Lima, C.P. Panceri and M.T. Bordignon-Luiz,2014Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca grapes: Evaluation of different extraction methods.]]>114155163Bupesh, G., T.S. vijayakumar, S. Manivannan, M. Beerammal, E. Manikadan, P. Shanthi and A.A. Vijaya,2016Vitis vinifera) skin extract.]]>2016Sousa, E.C., A.M.A. Uchoa-Thomaz, J.O.B. Carioca, S.M. de Morais and A. de Lima et al.,2014Vitis vinifera L.), Benitaka variety, grown in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil.]]>34135142Akubugwo, I.E., A.N. Obasi and S.C. Ginika,2007Solanum nigrum L. Var virginicum from Afikpo-Nigeria.]]>6323326AOAC,199015th Edn.,Pages: 210Pages: 210NIST.,20102010Anonymous,20142014Adewole, E., D.F. Adewumi, J. Jonathan and A.O. Fadaka,2014Citrus fruit).]]>112Uraku, A.J. and I.O. Igwenyi,2016Citrus sinensis and Vitis vinifera peels.]]>4812816Muhammad, S., L.G. Hassan, S.M. Dangoggo, S.W. Hassan, R.A. Umar and K.J. Umar,2015Sclerocarya birrea Peels.]]>213948Osarumwense, P.O., L.O. Okunrobo and E.G. Uwumarongie-Ilori,2013Citrus sinensis peels (L.) Osbeck.]]>174750Ijioma, S.N., K.K. Igwe, O.N. Nwakudu, A.J. Madubuike and N.K. Achi,2017Iresine herbistii ethanol leaf extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.]]>22128Tai, C.H. and R.M. Wu,20025616Igwe, K.K., A.J. Madubuike, I.E. Otuokere, C. Ikenga and F.J. Amaku,2016Acalypha wilkesiana ethanol extract phytocomponents by GCMS analysis.]]>164855AADC.,20152015Ghosh, J. and C.E. Myers, 1997235418423Feizi, T.,19933701710Igwe, K.K., A.J. Madubuike, I.E. Otuokere, F.J. Amaku and C. Ikenga,2016441234128