Submit Manuscript

International Journal of Poultry Science

Year: 2009 | Volume: 8 | Issue: 4 | Page No.: 404-408
Facebook Twitter Digg Reddit Linkedin StumbleUpon E-mail
Research Article

Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry

D.F. Apata

ABSTRACT

The worldwide increase in the use of antibiotics as an integral part of the poultry and livestock production industry to treat and prevent infectious bacterial diseases and as growth promoters at sub-therapeutic levels in feeds has led to the problem of the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance during the past years. Recent scientific evidence has shown that resistance to antibiotics is not only due to the natural ability of a tiny fraction of the bacteria with unusual traits to survive antibiotic’s attack, enabling resistant strains to multiply, but also stems from the transmissibility of acquired resistance to their progeny and across to other unrelated bacteria species through extrachromosomal DNA fragment called the plasmid which provide a slew of different resistances. The emergence and spread of resistant bacterial strains like Campylobacter sp, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. from poultry products to consumers put humans at risk to new strains of bacteria that resist antibiotic treatment. Resistant bacteria thwart antibiotics by interfering with their mode of action via a range of effectors’ mechanisms, including synthesis of inactivating enzymes, alteration in the configuration of cell wall or ribosome and modification of membrane carrier systems. These mechanisms are specific to the type of resistance developed. Because of the growing global concerns that resistance bacteria can pass from animals to humans, there is an increase in public and governmental interest in phasing out inappropriate antibiotic use in animal husbandry. Improvement in the hygienic practice of handling raw animal products and adequate heat treatment to eliminate the possibility of antibiotic resistant bacteria surviving may play a role in preventing the spread. More attention should be focused on increasing antibiotic surveillance capacity to cope with the spread of emerging resistances and on the alternative approach to sub-therapeutic antibiotics in poultry, especially the use of probiotic micro-organisms that can positively influence poultry health and produce safe edible products.
PDF References Citation

Search

REFERENCES

  1. Aarestrup, F.M., F. Bager and J.S. Andersen, 2000. Association between the use of avilamycin for growth promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers epidemiological study and changes over time. Microb. Drug Resist., 6: 71-75.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  2. Anonymous, 2006. Antimicrobial resistance: Implications for the food system. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety, 5: 71-137.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  3. Apata, D.F., 2008. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus. J. Sci. Food Agric., 88: 1253-1258.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  4. Benzanson, G.S., R. Maclnnis, G. Potter and T. Hughes, 2008. Presence and potential for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in oxidase-positive bacteria populating raw salad vegetables. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 127: 37-42.
    CrossRef
  5. Box, A., D. Mevus, P. Schellen, J. Verhoef and A. Fluit, 2005. Integrons in Escherichia coli from food-producing animals in the Netherlands. Microbiol. Drug Resist., 11: 53-57.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  6. Catry, B., H. Laevens, L.A. Devriese, G. Opsomer and A. de Kruif, 2003. Antimicrobial resistance in livestock. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therapeut., 26: 81-93.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  7. Cetinkaya, Y., P. Falk and C.G. Mayhall, 2000. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 13: 686-707.
    Direct Link
  8. Chastre, J., 2008. Evolving problems with resistant pathogens. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 14: 3-14.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  9. De Leener, E., 2005. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance among human and animal enterococci with emphasis on the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group. Ph.D. Thesis, Ghent University, Belgium.
  10. Fraser, C.M., 1986. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 6th Edn., Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ., USA.
  11. Gould, I.M., 2008. The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents,
  12. Jin, I.Z., Y.W. Ho, N. Abdullah and S. Jalaludin, 1997. Probiotics in poultry: Modes of action. World Poult. Sci., 53: 351-368.
    Direct Link
  13. Jin, L.Z., Y.W. Ho, N. Abdullah and S. Jalaludin, 1998. Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations and serum cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures. Poult. Sci., 77: 1259-1265.
    CrossRefPubMedDirect Link
  14. Kabir, S.M.L., M.M. Rahman, M.B. Rahman, M.M. Rahman and S.U. Ahmed, 2004. The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 3: 361-364.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  15. Khachatourians, G.G., 1998. Agricultural use of antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 159: 1129-1136.
    Direct Link
  16. Kolar, M., R. Pantucek, J. Bardon, I. Vagnerova, H. Typovska, J. Doskar and I. Valka, 2002. Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains isolated in poultry. Vet. Med. Czech, 47: 52-59.
    Direct Link
  17. Lukasova, J. and A. Sustackova, 2003. Enterococci and antibiotic resistance. Acta Vet. Brno, 72: 315-323.
    Direct Link
  18. Patterson, J.A. and K.M. Burkholder, 2003. Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in poultry production. Poult. Sci., 82: 627-631.
    Direct Link
  19. Poirel, L., V. Cattoir and P. Nordmann, 2008. Is plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance a clinically significant problem? Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 14: 295-297.
  20. Randall, L.P., A.M. Ridley, S.W. Cooles, M. Sharma, A.R. Sayers and L. Pumbwe, 2003. Prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in 443 Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans and animals. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 52: 507-510.
    Direct Link
  21. Simmering, R. and M. Blaut, 2001. Pro-and prebiotics-the tasty guardian angles? Applied Microbiol. Biotechnol., 55: 19-28.
    PubMedDirect Link
  22. Simon, O., A. Jadamus and W. Vahjen, 2001. Probiotic feed additives-effectiveness and expected modes of action. J. Anim. Feed. Sci., 10: 51-67.
    Direct Link
  23. Stavric, S. and E.T. Kornegay, 1995. Microbial Probiotics for Pigs and Poultry. In: Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding, Wallace, R.J. and A. Chesson (Eds.). John Wiley and Sons, London, UK., pp: 205-231.
  24. Stobberingh, E., A. van den Bogaard, N. London, C. Driessen, J. Top and R. Willems, 1999. Enterococci with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers and (sub)urban residents in the South of the Netherlands: Evidence for transmission of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans? Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43: 2215-2221.
    PubMedDirect Link
  25. Van de Bogaard, A.E. and E.E. Stobberingh, 2000. Epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics: Links between animals and humans. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 14: 327-335.
    CrossRefPubMedDirect Link
  26. Van den Bogaard, A.E. and E.E. Stobberingh, 1999. Antibiotic usage in animals: Impact on bacterial resistance and public health. Drugs, 58: 589-607.
    PubMedDirect Link

Search

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *