HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2016 | Volume: 15 | Issue: 3 | Page No.: 229-237
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2016.229.237
Nutritional Probing and HPLC Profiling of Roasted Date Pit Powder
Aftab Ahmed, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Farhan Saeed, Rabia Shabir Ahmed and Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha

Abstract: Nature has miraculously blessed many plants with such phyto-chemical profile that is valuable for mankind in various ways. Some plant materials considered waste, contain valued phyto-chemicals advantageous for humans. One such material is date pit. In present research study, date pits from three geographically different date varieties (Ajwa from Saudi Arabia, Hallawi from Iran and Aseel from Pakistan) were selected and their pits were roasted and ground into powder. The aim of this study was to determine chemical & mineral profile, dietary fibre, total phenolics, total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity of roasted date pits. Ajwa contained higher amounts of crude proteins, crude fats and crude fiber. The date pits of Ajwa varieties were also containing the higher amounts of dietary fiber especially insoluble fiber. Furthermore phenolic profiling of roasted date pits detected 10 different phenolic compounds through HPLC studies. The date pits contain higher amounts of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. However, their highest amounts were recorded in Ajwa i.e., 175.13±7.45, 82.88±3.87 and 61.46±2.81 mg/kg, respectively. The data collected from the current investigation recommend Ajwa date pits to be considered as a functional food ingredient owing to potentially excellent source of natural antioxidants.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
Aftab Ahmed, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Farhan Saeed, Rabia Shabir Ahmed and Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, 2016. Nutritional Probing and HPLC Profiling of Roasted Date Pit Powder. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 15: 229-237.

Keywords: Date pit, HPLC, dietary fibre, total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity

REFERENCES

  • AACC., 2000. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. 10th Edn., American Association of Cereal Chemists Press, St. Paul, MN., USA


  • Ahmed, I.A., A.W.K. Ahmed and R.K. Robinson, 1995. Chemical composition of date varieties as influenced by the stage of ripening. Food Chem., 54: 305-309.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Aldhaheri, A., G. Alhadrami, N. Aboalnaga, I. Wasfi and M. Elridi, 2004. Chemical composition of date pits and reproductive hormonal status of rats fed date pits. Food Chem., 86: 93-97.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Al-Farsi, A.M. and C.Y. Lee, 2008. Optimization of phenolics and dietary fibre extraction from date seeds. Food Chem., 108: 977-985.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Al-Farsi, M., C. Alasalvar, M. Al-Abid, K. Al-Shoaily, M. Al-Amry and F. Al-Rawahy, 2007. Compositional and functional characteristics of dates, syrups and their by-products. Food Chem., 104: 943-947.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Al-Shahib, W. and R.J. Marshall, 2003. The fruit of the date palm: Its possible use as the best food for the future? Int. J. Food. Sci. Nutr., 54: 247-259.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Aidoo, K.E., R.F. Tester, J.E. Morrison and D. MacFarlane, 1996. The composition and microbial quality of pre-packed dates purchased in Greater Glasgow. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 31: 433-438.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • AOAC., 2003. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn., Association of the Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington Virginia, USA


  • Ardekani, M.R.S., M. Khanavi, M. Hajimahmoodi, M. Jahangiri and A. Hadjiakhoondi, 2010. Comparison of antioxidant activity and total phenol contents of some date seed varieties from Iran. Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 9: 141-146.
    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Awika, J.M., L.W. Rooney, X. Wu, R.L. Prior and L. Cisneros-Zevallos, 2003. Screening methods to measure antioxidant activity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum products. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 6657-6662.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Baliga, M.S., B.R.V. Baliga, S.M. Kandathilc, H.P. Bhatd and P.K. Vayalil, 2011. A review of the chemistry and pharmacology of the date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Res. Int., 44: 1812-1822.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Basuny, A.M.M. and M.A. Al-Marzooq, 2011. Production of mayonnaise from date pit oil. Food Nutr. Sci., 2: 938-943.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Bermink, M.R., 1994. Fiber Analysis. In: Introduction to the Chemical Analysis of Foods, Nielson, S.S. (Ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, MA., pp: 169-180


  • Butt, M.S. and M.T. Sultan, 2013. Selected functional foods for potential in disease treatment and their regulatory issues. Int. J. Food Properties, 16: 397-415.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • El-Agamy, S.Z., T.K. El-Mahdy and O.A.A. Khalil, 2001. Comparative study of the performance of soft type date grown in arid environment. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Date Palms, March 25-27, 2001, Al-Ain, UAE., pp: 686-710.


  • El Arem, A., A. Thouri, M. Zekri, E.B. Saafi, F. Ghrairi, A. Zakhama and L. Achour, 2014. Nephroprotective effect of date fruit extract against dichloroacetic acid exposure in adult rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 65: 177-184.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Elleuch, M., S. Besbes, O. Roiseux, C. Blecker, C. Deroanne, N.E. Drira and H. Attia, 2008. Date flesh: Chemical composition and characteristics of the dietary fibre. Food Chem., 111: 676-682.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Eid, N.M.S., B. Al-Awadi, D. Vauzour, M.J. Oruna-Concha and J.P.E. Spencer, 2013. Effect of cultivar type and ripening on the polyphenol content of date palm fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem., 61: 2453-2460.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Fallahi, M., 1996. Growth, Treatment and Packaging of Date. Barsava Publication, Tehran, Iran, Pages: 124


  • FAO., 2007. FAOSTAT statistical databases. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy. http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx.


  • Gasim, A.A.A., 1994. Changes in sugar quality and mineral elements during fruit development in five date palm cultivars in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. J. King Abdulaziz Univ., 6: 29-36.
    Direct Link    


  • Halliwell, B., 1997. Antioxidants and human disease: A general introduction. Nutr. Rev., 55: S44-S49.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Hui, Y.H., 2006. Fruit and Fruit Processing. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, pp: 391-411


  • Hussein, A.S., G.A. Alhadrami and Y.H. Khalil, 1998. The use of dates and date pits in broiler starter and finisher diets. Bioresour. Technol., 66: 219-223.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Hussain, A.I., F. Anwar, S.T.H. Sherazi and R. Przybylski, 2008. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chem., 108: 986-995.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Hussain, A.I., S.A.S. Chatha, S. Noor, Z.A. Khan, M.U. Arshad, H.A. Rathore and M.Z.A. Sattar, 2012. Effect of extraction techniques and solvent systems on the extraction of antioxidant components from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hulls. Food Anal. Methods, 5: 890-896.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Knekt, P., J. Kumpulainen, R. Jarvinen, H. Rissanen and M. Heliovaara et al., 2002. Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76: 560-568.
    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Liu, H., Z. Jiao, J. Liu, C. Zhang and X. Zheng et al., 2013. Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of phenolics from date seeds and characterization of its antioxidant activity. Food Anal. Methods, 6: 781-788.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Luo, X.D., M.J. Basile and E.J. Kennelly, 2002. Polyphenolic antioxidants from the fruits of Chrysophyllum cainito L. (star apple). J. Agric. Food Chem., 50: 1379-1382.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Mirghani, M.E.S., 2012. Processing of Date Palm Kernel (DPK) for production of nutritious drink. Adv. Nat. Applied Sci., 6: 575-582.
    Direct Link    


  • Peterson, J. and J. Dwyer, 1998. Flavonoids: Dietary occurrence and biochemical activity. Nutr. Res., 18: 1995-2018.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Paranthaman, R., P.P. Kumar and S. Kumaravel, 2012. HPLC and HPTLC determination of caffeine in raw and roasted date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L). J. Chromatogr. Sep. Tech., Vol. 1.
    CrossRef    


  • Rahman, M.S., S. Kasapis, N.S.Z. Al-Kharusi, I.M. Al-Marhubi and A.J. Khan, 2007. Composition characterisation and thermal transition of date pits powders. J. Food Eng., 80: 1-10.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Sadiq, I.S., T. Izuagie, M. Shuaibu, A.I. Dogoyaro, A. Garba and S. Abubakar, 2013. The nutritional evaluation and medicinal value of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Int. J. Mod. Chem., 4: 147-154.
    Direct Link    


  • Saleh, E.A., M.S. Tawfik and H.M. Abu-Tarboush, 2011. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits from Saudi Arabia. Food Nutr. Sci., 2: 1134-1141.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Samee, W. and S. Vorarat, 2007. Simultaneous determination of gallic acid, catechin, rutin, ellagic acid and quercetin in flower extracts of Michelia alba, Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Nelumbo nucifera by HPLC. Thai Pharm. Health Sci. J., 2: 131-137.
    Direct Link    


  • Sawaya, W.N., J.K. Khalil, W.M. Safi and A. Al-Shalhat, 1983. Physical and chemical characterization of three Saudi date cultivars at various stages of development. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J., 16: 87-92.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Sayed, 2007. Agricultural statistics of Pakistan. Goverment of Pakistan, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. (Econ. Wing) Islamabad, pp: 33


  • Shaheen, M.A. and A.D. Al-Qurashi, 2007. Fruit chemical composition and it's correlations of some date palm cultivars during fruit development stages. JKAU: Met. Environ. Arid Land Agric. Sci., 18: 19-26.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Tahraoui, A., J. El-Hilaly, Z.H. Israili and B. Lyoussi, 2007. Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in South-Eastern Morocco (Errachidia province). J. Ethanopharmacol., 110: 105-117.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved