HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2015 | Volume: 14 | Issue: 12 | Page No.: 841-848
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.841.848
Nutritional and Sensory Evaluation of Wheat Flour Biscuits Supplemented with Lentil Flour
Amir Mahgoub AwadElkareem and Eyad AL- Shammari

Abstract: Protein-enriched biscuits were prepared by supplementing lentil seeds flour into wheat flour at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% and analyzed for chemical composition, mineral profile and amino acid contents. The supplementation resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in protein, fat, crude fibre and ash contents of the biscuit samples. The results regarding the mineral content of wheat and lentil flour indicated that significantly (p<0.05) the lowest values of calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, sodium and potassium contents were found in biscuit wheat flour (WF) compared to lentil flour (LF). The results of mineral profile of lentil seed flour revealed that legumes may provide sufficient amounts of minerals to meet the human mineral requirement recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The supplementation resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in macro minerals contents of the biscuit samples. Supplementation of biscuit wheat flour with lentil seeds flour showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in lysine and threonine contents (Most limiting amino acids in wheat flour) of biscuits samples. Data obtained from the sensory evaluation indicated that the mean score for taste, color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability were generally high for biscuit containing 5% lentil flour.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
Amir Mahgoub AwadElkareem and Eyad AL- Shammari, 2015. Nutritional and Sensory Evaluation of Wheat Flour Biscuits Supplemented with Lentil Flour. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14: 841-848.

Keywords: Lentil, wheat, supplementation, mineral, amino acid and sensory evaluation

REFERENCES

  • AACC., 2000. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. 10th Edn., American Association of Cereal Chemists Press, St. Paul, MN., USA


  • Araujo, R.G.O., S.M. Macedo, M.D.G.A. Korn, M.F. Pimentel, R.E. Bruns and S.L.C. Ferreira, 2008. Mineral composition of wheat flour consumed in Brazilian cities. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 19: 935-942.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • AOAC., 1984. Official Methods of Analysis. 14th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 522-533


  • Awadalkareem, A.M., A.I. Mustafa and A.H. El Tinay, 2008. Protein, mineral content and amino acid profile of sorghum flour as influenced by soybean protein concentrate supplementation. Pak. J. Nutr., 7: 475-479.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Awan, J.A., 2007. Elements of food and nutrition. Unitech Communication, Faisalabad


  • Barasi, M., 1997. Human Nutrition: A Health Perspective. Taylor and Francis, New York, Pages: 328


  • Bhatty, N., A.H. Gillian and S.A. Nagra, 2000. Effect of cooking and supplementation on nutritional value of Gram (Cicer arietinum). Nutr. Resour., 20: 297-307.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Bhatty, R.S., A.E. Slinkard and F.W. Sosulski, 1976. Chemical composition and protein characteristics of lentils. Can. J. Plant Sci., 56: 787-794.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Bicar, E.H., W. Woodman-Clikeman, V. Sangtong, J.M. Peterson, S.S. Yang, M. Lee and M.P. Scott, 2008. Transgenic maize endosperm containing a milk protein has improved amino acid balance. Transgenic Res., 17: 59-71.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Bojoanska, T., H. Franeakova, M. Liskova and M. Tokar, 2012. Legumes the alternative raw materials for bread production. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci., 1: 876-886.
    Direct Link    


  • Buerkert, A., M. Moser, A.K. Kumar, P. Furst and K. Becker, 2001. Variation in grain quality of pearl millet from Sahelian West Africa. Field Crops Res., 69: 1-11.
    Direct Link    


  • Chapman, H.D. and F.P. Pratt, 1982. Determination of Minerals by Titration Method: Methods of Analysis for Soils, Plants and Water. 2nd Edn., Agriculture Division, California University, Oakland, CA, pp: 169-170


  • Cordain, L., 1999. Cereal grains: Humanity's double-edged sword. World Rev. Nutr. Diet, 84: 19-73.
    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Deshpande, S.S. and S. Damodaran, 1990. Food legumes: Chemistry and Technology. In: Advances in Cereal Science and Technology, Pomeranz, Y. (Ed.). The American Association of Cereal Chemists, St Paul, MN, pp: 147-241


  • Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Eggum, B.O. and R.M. Beame, 1983. The Nutritive Value of Seed Proteins. In: Seed Proteins Biochemistry, Genetics and Nutritive Values, Gotteschalk, W. and P.H. Muller (Eds.). Junk J.N. Publishers, The Hague, PP: 499-531


  • Eissa, H.A., A.S. Hussein and B.E. Mostafa, 2007. Rheological properties and quality evaluation of Egyptian balady bread and biscuits supplemented with flours of ungerminated and germinated legume seeds or mushroom. Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 57: 487-496.
    Direct Link    


  • El-Mahdy, A.R., Y.G. Moharram and O.R. Abou-Samaha, 1985. Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of lentil seeds. Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch, 181: 318-320.
    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • FAO., 1997. Agriculture, Food and Nutrition for Africa: A Resource Book for Teachers of Agriculture. FAO Food and Nutrition Division, Indiana University, Pages: 412


  • Friedman, N., 2004. Inferring cellular networks using probabilistic graphical models. Science, 303: 799-805.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Friedman, M., D.L. Brandon, A.H. Bates and T. Hymowitz, 1991. Comparison of a commercial soybean cultivar and an isoline lacking the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor: Composition, nutritional value and effects of heating. J. Agric. Feed Chem., 39: 327-335.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Gambus, H., A. Mikulec and A. Matusz, 2003. The Canadian muffins and hermit cookies with linseed. Zywnosc, 10: 82-93.


  • Ghavidel, R.A. and J. Prakash, 2007. The impact of germination and dehulling on nutrients, antinutrients, in vitro iron and calcium bioavailability and in vitro starch and protein digestibility of some legume seeds. LWT Food Sci. Tech., 40: 1292-1299.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Hefnawy, T.M.H., G.A. El-Shourbagy and M.F. Ramadan, 2012. Impact of adding chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour to wheat flour on the rheological properties of toast bread. Int. Food Res. J., 19: 521-525.
    Direct Link    


  • Hussain, M.A. and A.Y. Basahy, 1998. Nutrient composition and amino acid pattern of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, Fabaceae) grown in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 49: 117-124.
    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Ihekoronye, A.I. and P.O. Ngoody, 1985. Integrated Food Science technology for the Tropics. Macmillan Publishers, London, pp: 283-289


  • Iqbal, A., I.A. Khalil, N. Ateeq and M.S. Khan, 2006. Nutritional quality of important food legumes. Food Chem., 97: 331-335.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Kadam, M.L., R.V. Salve, Z.M. Mehrajfatema and S.G. More, 2012. Development and evaluation of composite flour for missi roti/chapatti. J. Food Process Technol., Vol. 3.


  • Karadavut, U. and A. Genc, 2010. Relationships between chemical composition and seed yield of some lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 12: 625-628.
    Direct Link    


  • Khalil, I.A., 1994. Nutritional yield and protein quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) cultivars. Microbiogie Aliments Nutr., 12: 455-463.
    Direct Link    


  • Mohammed, I., A.R. Ahmed and B. Senge, 2012. Dough rheology and bread quality of wheat-chickpea flour blends. Ind. Crops Prod., 36: 196-202.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • NRC., 1980. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th Edn., National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC., USA., Pages: 157


  • Okoye, J.I. and J.C. Okaka, 2009. Production and evaluation of protein quality of bread from wheat cowpea flour blends. Cont. J. Food Sci. Technnol., 3: 1-7.


  • Ozdemir, S., 2002. Edible Legumes. Hasat Publishing, Istanbul, Turkey, pp: 71-90


  • Pasha, I., S. Rashid, F.M. Anjum, M.T. Sultan, M.M.N. Qayyum and F. Saeed, 2011. Quality evaluation of wheat-mungbean flour blends and their utilization in baked products. Pak. J. Nutr., 10: 388-392.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Pastor-Cavada, E., R. Juan, J.E. Pastor, M. Alaiz and J. Vioque, 2009. Analytical nutritional characteristics of seed proteins in six wild Lupinus species from Southern Spain. Food Chem., 117: 466-469.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Rochfort, S. and J. Panozzo, 2007. Phytochemicals for health, the role of pulses. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55: 7981-7994.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Serrem, C.A., H.L. de Kock and J.R.N. Taylor, 2011. Nutritional quality, sensory quality and consumer acceptability of sorghum and bread wheat biscuits fortified with defatted soy flour. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 46: 74-83.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Sharma, H.R. and G.S. Chauhan, 2002. Effects of stabilized rice bran: Fenugreek blends on the quality of breads and cookies. J. Food Sci. Technol., 39: 225-233.
    Direct Link    


  • Shelton, D., 2004. Wheat and Flour Testing Bethods: A Guide to Understanding Wheat and Flour Quality. Wheat Marketing Center Inc., Oregon, USA., pp: 19.


  • Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran, 1987. Statistical Methods. 17th Edn., The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, USA., pp: 221-222


  • Stark, A.L., L.D. Satterlaee and J.G. kendenick, 1975. Computer blending and laboratory evaluation of added proteins for specific functional properties. Food Prod. Dev., 9: 38-42.


  • Thavarajah, D., J. Ruszkowski and A. Vandenberg, 2008. High potential for selenium biofortification of lentils (Lens culinaris L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 56: 10747-10753.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Thavarajah, D., P. Thavarajah, A. Wejesuriya, M. Rutzke, R.P. Glahn, G.F. Combs Jr. and A. Vandenberg, 2011. The potential of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) as a whole food for increased selenium, iron, and zinc intake: Preliminary results from a 3 year study. Euphytica, 180: 123-128.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Vanderstoep, J., 1981. Effect of germination on the nutritive value of legumes. Food Technol., 38: 83-85.


  • Wang, N., D.W. Hatcher, R.T. Tyler, R. Toews and E.J. Gawalko, 2010. Effect of cooking on the composition of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.). Food Res. Int., 43: 589-594.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Riberio, R.J.M.C. and I.M.P. Melo, 1990. Composition and nutrient value of chickpea. Options Mediterr. Ser. Seminares, 9: 107-111.

  • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved