HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2015 | Volume: 14 | Issue: 3 | Page No.: 150-154
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.150.154
Nutritional Status of School Going Children in Relation to Their Dietary Intake at Mid-Morning
Farah Naz Akbar, Asma Lodhi, Shahid Mahmood, Ghulam Mueen-ud- Din and Mian Anjum Murtaza

Abstract: Present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of lunch box contents, BMI and eating behavior of school children. An informed consent was taken from parents after dissemination of study and then 150 students of both genders aged 6-11 years were randomly selected from a school, their height (m2) and weight (kg) was measured to calculate BMI (kg/m2). Lunch boxes were examined for their contents, 60 lunch boxes contained simple chips (SP), french fried chips (CF), packed chips (CP), chopri roti (R), allo wala paratha (PA), simple paratha (PS), boiled egg (EB), fry egg (EF) and omelet (EO) in common. Lunch boxes were analyzed for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Result showed at the age of 11 years 33.3% children were overweight, 11.10% children were obese and only 44.40% normal weight. At the age of 10 years 3.7% children were overweight as well as obese and only 44.40% normal weight. At the age of 9 years 25% children were overweight and 54% children were normal weight. At the age of 8 years 4% children were overweight and 48% children were normal weight. While at the age of 6 years and 7 years no one child was overweight and nor was child obese. Dietary intake at mid-morning was also observed in which at the age of 11 years 78% children were using money for buying high fat lunch meal and 22% children took lunch box with them. At the age of 10, 9, 8, 7 and 6 years, respectively 50, 52, 18, 05 and 0% children were using money for buying high fat lunch meal and 27, 40, 70, 76 and 81% children took lunch boxes with them while 23, 8, 12, 19 and 19% children had no lunch as well money. Lunch boxes contents (%) contained moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen free extract (NFE) 34.43±0.058, 0.631±0.020, 11.78±0.500, 0.34±0.10, 6.9±500 and 44.57±0.410, respectively. BMI of school going children were increased with age due to high consumption of fatty and vendor foods and lunch box avoiding behavior.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
Farah Naz Akbar, Asma Lodhi, Shahid Mahmood, Ghulam Mueen-ud- Din and Mian Anjum Murtaza, 2015. Nutritional Status of School Going Children in Relation to Their Dietary Intake at Mid-Morning. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14: 150-154.

Keywords: BMI, school going, children, vendor foods and lunch box

REFERENCES

  • AACC., 2000. Official Association Analytical Chemist. 16th Edn., AACC, Arlington, USA


  • AOAC., 1997. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., USA


  • Barton, B.A., A.L. Elderidge, D. Thompson, S.G. Affenito and R.H. Striegel-Moore et al., 2005. The relationship of breakfast and cereal consumption to nutrient intake and body mass index: The national heart, lung and blood institute growth and health study. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 105: 1383-1389.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Bibiana, I., N. Grace and A. Julius, 2014. Quality evaluation of composite bread produced from wheat, maize and orange fleshed sweet potato flours. Am. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2: 109-115.
    Direct Link    


  • Bjorn, O.E. and K.D. Surinder, 2006. The protein quality of some Indian dishes prepared from wheat. J. Sci. Food Agric., 28: 1052-1056.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Cho, S., M. Dietrich, C.J.P. Brown, C.A. Clark and G. Block, 2003. The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J. Am. Colle. Nutr., 22: 296-302.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Haapalahti, M., H. Mykkanen, S. Tikkanen and J. Kokkonen, 2003. Meal patterns and food use in 10- to 11-year-old Finnish children. J. Health Nutr., 6: 365-370.
    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Hoyland, A., K.A. McWilliams, R.J. Duff and J.L. Walton, 2012. Breakfast consumption in UK schoolchildren and provision of school breakfast clubs. Nutr. Bull., 37: 232-240.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Hulshof, K.F.A.M., J.H. Brussaard, A.G. Kruizinga, J. Telman and M.R.H. Lowik, 2003. Socio-economic status, dietary intake and 10 y trends: The dutch national food consumption survey. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 57: 128-137.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Wal, J.S.V., J.M. Marth, P. Khosla, K.L. Catherine Jen and N.V. Dhurandhar, 2005. Short-term effect of eggs on satiety in overweight and obese subjects. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 24: 510-515.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Kadam, M.L., R.V. Salve, Z.M. Mehrajfatema and S.G. More, 2012. Development and evaluation of composite flour for missi roti/chapatti. J. Food Process Technol., Vol. 3.


  • Matthys, C., S. de Henauw, M. Bellernans, M. de Maeyer and G. de Backer, 2007. Breakfast habits affect overall nutrient profiles in adolescents. Pub. Health Nutr., 10: 413-421.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • PCRM., 2003. School lunch report card. A Report by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, August 2003.


  • Ratliff, J., J.O. Leite, R. de Ogburn, M.J. Puqlisi, J. van Heest and M.L. Fernandez, 2010. Consuming eggs for breakfast influences plasma glucose and ghrelin, while reducing energy intake during the next 24 hours in adult men. Nutr. Res., 30: 96-103.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Sandercock, G.R.H., C. Voss and L. Dye, 2010. Associations between habitual school-day breakfast consumption, body mass index, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in English schoolchildren. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 64: 1086-1092.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Utter, J., R. Scragg, C.N. Mhurchu and D. Schaaf, 2007. At-home breakfast consumption among New Zealand children: Associations with body mass index and related nutrition behaviors. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 107: 570-576.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Vicent, M.D., 2008. Healthy kids school lunches. Ind. J. Ped., 12: 573-578.


  • Wardle, T., A. Blanco and E. Ahman, 2004. Law birth weight country regional and global estimates. United Nations Children's Fund and World Health Organization, Geneva.


  • Widenhorn-Muller, K., K. Hille, J. Klenk and U. Weiland, 2008. Influence of having breakfast on cognitive performance and mood in 13- to 20-year-old high school students: Results of a crossover trial. Pediatrics, 122: 279-284.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Williams, P., 2007. Breakfast and the diets of Australian children and adolescents: An analysis of data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 58: 201-216.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Jukes, M., 2007. Better Education Through Improved Health and Nutrition: Implications for Early Childhood Development Programs in Developing Countries. In: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Revisited, Schroten, H. and S. Wirth (Eds.)., Birkhauser Basel, Berlin, pp: 145-176

  • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved