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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2012 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 8 | Page No.: 708-734
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2012.708.734
Improvements in Biofilm Processes for Wastewater Treatment
Husham T. Ibrahim, He Qiang, Wisam S. Al-Rekabi and Yang Qiqi

Abstract: This review paper intends to provide an overall vision of biofilm technology as an alternative method for treating waste waters. This technology has been gaining popularity through the years, mainly because many wastewater treatment plants, which are still used Activated Sludge Process (AS) are present some shortcomings when exposed to increased hydraulic and organic loads. Fundamental research into biofilms is presented in three sections, Biofilm Types and Characterization, Advantages and Drawbacks and Design Parameters. The reactor types covered in this review are: un-submerged fixed film systems (trickling filters and rotating biological contactors) and submerged fixed film systems (biological aerated flooded filters, submerged aerated filters, biofilm up-flow sludge blanket, fluidized bed, expanded granular sludge blanket, biofilm airlift suspension, internal circulation, moving bed biofilm and membrane biofilm) reactors.

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How to cite this article
Husham T. Ibrahim, He Qiang, Wisam S. Al-Rekabi and Yang Qiqi, 2012. Improvements in Biofilm Processes for Wastewater Treatment. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11: 708-734.

Keywords: Biofilm, fixed-biofilm reactors, submerged fixed film systems, percolating filters, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, biological aerated flooded filters, submerged aerated filters, biofilm up-flow sludge blanket, fluidized bed, expanded granular sludge blanket and , biofilm airlift suspension

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