Dietary Intake Assessment in Adults and its Association with Weight Status and Dental Caries
Abstract:
This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the relationship between dietary intake with body composition and dental caries experience among adults at the dental clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The dietary compositions of the participants were estimated by using a multiple-pass 24-hour recall method. A sugar checklist was used to determine the most popular sugary food/beverages categories consumed. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight measurements) were taken. Dental caries experience was charted clinically and was reported using the Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth Index (DMFT). Participants consumption for cereal groups, meat groups, fruits and vegetables group met the recommendation of the Malaysian food pyramid. Male participants consumed significantly higher energy, carbohydrate, fat and sugar than female participants. The total daily added sugar intake among the caries-free group was significantly lower than that in the group with caries. There was no significant difference in energy intake, protein intake, fat intake and total sugar intake between BMI classes; however the carbohydrate intake was significantly different. A significant correlation was found between carbohydrate consumption and BMI. There was also a significant correlation between BMI and DMFT score. The most popular sugary food/beverages category among participants was sugar and sweeteners added to beverages followed by biscuits and pastry. The least popular choice was breakfast cereal. The results indicated that adults with caries consumed significantly higher amounts of added sugar in their daily diet. The study shows that sugar remains an undeniable risk for dental caries and highlights that sugary foods and beverages remains a favorite of participants.
How to cite this article
W.S. Saw, S. Nik Shanita, B.A.M. Zahara, N.M.D. Tuti and B.K. Poh, 2012. Dietary Intake Assessment in Adults and its Association with Weight Status and Dental Caries. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11: 1066-1072.
REFERENCES
Felton, A. and A. Chapman, 2009. Basic Guide to Oral Health Education and Promotion. John Wiley and Sons, Oxford, London, ISBN: 9781405161626, Pages: 296
Ahluwalia, N., J. Ferrieres, J. Dallongeville, C. Simon and P. Ducimetiere et al., 2009. Association of macronutrient intake patterns with being overweight in a population-based random sample of men in France. Diabetes Metab., 35: 129-136.
CrossRef
Burt, B.A. and S. Pai, 2001. Sugar consumption and caries risk: A systematic review. J. Dent. Educ., 65: 1017-1023.
PubMed Direct Link
Chee, S.S., M.N. Ismail, K.K. Ng and H. Zawiah, 1997. Food intake assessment of adults in rural and urban areas from four selected regions in Malaysia. Malaysian J. Nutr., 3: 91-102.
Direct Link
Kidd, E., 2004. Essentials of Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Management. 3rd Edn., Oxford University Press, Oxford, London, ISBN: 9780198529781, Pages: 180
Thompson, F.E., T.S. McNeel, E.C. Dowling, D. Midthune, M. Morrissette and C.A. Zeruto, 2009. Interrelationships of added sugars intake, socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity in adults in the united states: National health interview survey, 2005. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 109: 1376-1383.
CrossRef
Flink, H., M. Bergdahl, A. Tegelberg, A. Rosenblad and F. Lagerlof, 2008. Prevalence of hyposalivation in relation to general health, body mass index and remaining teeth in different age groups of adults. Commun. Dent. Oral Epidemiol., 36: 523-531.
CrossRef
Kantovitz, K.R., F.M. Pascon, R.M. Rontani and M.B. Gaviao, 2006. Obesity and dental caries-A systematic review. Oral Health Prev. Dent., 4: 137-144.
PubMed Direct Link
Mahan, L.K. and S. Escott-Stump, 2004. Krause's Food Nutrition and Diet Therapy. 11th Edn., W.B. Saunders Co., USA
MANS, 2003. Dietary intake of adults aged 19 to 59 years. Vol. 5, Nutrition Section, Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Mattisson, I., E. Wirfalt, B. Gullberg and G. Berglund, 2001. Fat intake is more strongly associated with lifestyle factors than with socio-economic characteristics, regardless of energy adjustment approach. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 55: 452-461.
PubMed Direct Link
Mirnalini, Jr. K., M.S. Zalilah, M.Y. Safiah, A. Tahir and M.D.S. Haslinda et al., 2008. Energy and nutrient intakes: Findings from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS). Malaysian J. Nutr., 14: 1-24.
PubMed Direct Link
Mirnalini, A.J., N. Raper, L. Ingwersen, L. Clevelend, J. Anand, J. Goldman and R. Lacomb, 2001. An improved approach to 24-hour dietary recall methodology. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 45: 156-156.
NHMS III, 2006. Nutritional status of adult aged 18 years and above. Ministry of Health Malaysia.
NCCFN, 1999. Malaysian dietary guidelines. Ministry of Health Malaysia.
NCCFN., 2005. Recommended nutrient intakes for Malaysia: A report of the technical working group on nutritional guidelines. National Coordinating Committee on Food and Nutrition. Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
NCCFN, 2010. Malaysian dietary guidelines. National Coordinating Committee on Food and Nutrition, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
NOHSA, 2000. Oral health division. Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
Norimah, Jr. A.K., M. Safiah, K. Jamal, S. Haslinda and H. Zuhaida et al., 2008. Food consumption patterns: Findings from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS). Malays. J. Nutr., 14: 25-39.
PubMed Direct Link
Slavkin, H.C., 1999. Streptococcus mutans, early childhood caries and new opportunities. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 130: 1787-1792.
PubMed Direct Link
Van Baak, M.A. and A. Astrup, 2009. Consumption of sugars and body weight. Obesity Rev., 10: 9-23.
CrossRef
Warwick, Z.S., S.J. Synowski and K.R. Bell, 2002. Dietary fat content affects energy intake and weight gain independent of diet caloric density in rats. Physiol. Behav., 77: 85-90.
CrossRef
WHO, 1987. Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods. WHO, Geneva
WHO Expert Consultation, 2004. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet, 363: 157-163.
CrossRef PubMed Direct Link
Zahara, A.M., M.H. Fashihah and A.Y. Nurul, 2010. Relationship between frequency of sugary food and drink consumption with occurrence of dental caries among preschool children in Titiwangsa, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysian J. Nutr., 16: 83-90.
PubMed Direct Link
© Science Alert. All Rights Reserved