HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences

Year: 2004 | Volume: 7 | Issue: 11 | Page No.: 1972-1980
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2004.1972.1980
Mobilization of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, in Polluted Soil
A. I. Al-Turki and M.I. D. Helal

Abstract: Effect of chicken manure extract (CHCME), cow manure extract (COWME) and sewage effluent (SE) on mobilization of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, a sandy soil from central region of Saudi Arabia, were studied in columns experiment. All solutions were able to mobilize, only, very small portions (less than 0.55%) of total amount of Pb previously added to soil. The affinity of Pb to soil is higher than the ability of organic and inorganic ligands of CHCME, COWME and SE to form soluble complexes with soil Pb. Although the amounts of soil Zn mobilized in SE (0.16%), COWME (0.55%) and CHCME (3.2%), were relatively higher than those of Pb, Zn ions prefer association with soil solid phase rather than complexing with solution dissolved organic ligands. However, EDTA was able to mobilize higher percentages of soil Pb (49%) and Zn (24%). These results mean that, formation of stable chelates were critical for solublization of solid phase Pb and Zn. Although both SE and COWME had very limited efficiency in mobilizing soil Cu (0.15 and 0.37%, respectively), CHCME had markedly higher one (25%). The dissolved organic ligands of CHCME prove high efficiency, identical to that of EDTA (25%), in forming soluble Cu complexes. Unlike Pb, Zn and to a lesser degree Cu, soil Cd was ready to be mobilized in all leaching solutions, at varied quantities, H2O (7.7%), COWME (10.4%), SE (24%), CHCME (43%) and EDTA (84%). These results verified that soil Cd is distributed among different forms; water soluble, exchangeable and specifically adsorbed on solid phase. Soil Cd tends to be more mobile and available to plant, than Pb, Cu and Zn. Mobilization of soil Cd, Cu, Zn and to a lesser degree Pb, were enhanced by CHCME rather than by COWME and SE.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
A. I. Al-Turki and M.I. D. Helal, 2004. Mobilization of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, in Polluted Soil. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 1972-1980.

Keywords: chicken manure extract, mobilizagtion of heavy metals, polluted soil, cow manure extract and sewage

REFERENCES

  • Sposito, G., C.S. LeVesque, J.P. LeClaire and A.C. Chang, 1983. Trace element chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: 111. Effect of time on the extraction of trace metals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47: 898-902.


  • Hans, F.X., W.L. Kingery, H.M. Selim and P.D. Derard, 2000. Accumulation of heavy metals in a long-term poultry waste-amended soil. Soil Sci., 165: 260-268.
    Direct Link    


  • Andriano, D.C., 1986. Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp: 533


  • Zhenbin, L. and L.M. Shuman, 1997. Mobility of Zn, Cd and Pb in soils as affected by poultry extract-1: Leaching in soil columns. Environ. Pollut., 95: 219-226.
    Direct Link    


  • Collins, R.N., G. Merrington, M.J. McLaughlin and J.L. Morel, 2003. Organic ligand and pH effects on isotopically exchangeable cadmium in polluted soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67: 112-121.
    Direct Link    


  • Almas, A.R., B. Salbu and B.R. Singh, 2000. Changes in partitioning of cadmium-109 and zinc-65 in soil as affected by organic matter addition and temperature. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64: 1951-1958.
    Direct Link    


  • Almas, A.R., B.R. Singh and B. Salbu, 1999. Mobility of cadmium-109 and zinc-65 in soil influenced by equilibrium time, temperature and organic matter. J. Environ. Qual., 28: 1742-1750.
    Direct Link    


  • Harter, R.D. and R. Naidu, 1995. Role of metal-organic complexation in metal sorption by soils. Adv. Agron., 55: 219-263.
    Direct Link    


  • Barrow, N.J., 1992. A brief discussion on the effect of temperature on the reaction of inorganic ions with soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 43: 37-45.
    Direct Link    


  • McBride, M., S. Sauve and W. Hendershot, 1997. Solubility control of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in contaminated soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 48: 337-346.
    Direct Link    


  • Schmidt, U., 2003. Enhancing phytoextraction: The effect of chemical soil manipulation on mobility plant accumulation and leaching of heavy metals. J. Environ. Qual., 32: 1939-1954.
    Direct Link    


  • Sauve, S., M.B. McBride and W. Hindershot, 1998. Soil solution speciation of lead (11): Effects of organic matter and pH. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 62: 618-621.
    Direct Link    


  • Zacharar, J.M., C.T. Resch and S.C. Smith, 1994. Influence of humic substances on CO2+ sorption by a subsurface mineral separate and its mineralogic components. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58: 553-566.
    CrossRef    


  • Xu, H., J. Ephraim, A. Ledin and B. Allard, 1989. Effects of fulvic acid on the adsorption of Cd (11) on alumin. Sci. Total Environ., 81/82: 653-660.
    CrossRef    


  • McBride, M.B., 1989. Reactions controlling heavy metal solubility in soils. Adv. Soil Sci., 10: 1-56.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Bolton, K.A. and L.J. Evans, 1991. Elemental composition and speciation of some landfill leachates with particular reference to cadmium. Water Air Soil Pollut., 60: 43-53.
    Direct Link    


  • Pohlman, A.A. and J.G. McColl, 1988. Soluble organics from forest litter and their role in metal dissolution. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 52: 265-271.
    CrossRef    


  • Sposito, G., L.J. Lind and A.C. Chang, 1982. Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: 1. Fractionation of Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in solid phases. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 46: 260-264.
    Direct Link    


  • Boyle, M. and W.H. Fuller, 1987. Effect of municipal solid waste leachate composition on zinc migration through soil. J. Environ. Qual., 16: 357-360.
    Direct Link    


  • Lamy, I., S. Bourgeois and A. Bermond, 1993. Soil cadmium mobility as a consequence of sewage sludge disposal. J. Environ. Qual., 22: 731-737.
    Direct Link    


  • Schirado, T., I. Vergara, E.B. Schalscha and P.F. Pratt, 1986. Evidence for movement of heavy metals in a soil irrigated with untreated wastewater. J. Environ. Qual., 15: 9-12.
    Direct Link    


  • Moore, Jr. P.A., T.C. Daniel, A.N. Sharpley and C.W. Wood, 1995. Poultry manure management: Environmentally sound options. J. Soil Water Conserv., 50: 321-327.
    Direct Link    


  • Del Castilho, P., W.J. Chardon and W. Salomons, 1993. Influence of cattle-manure slurry application on the solubility of cadmium, copper and zinc in a manured acidic, loamy-sand soil. J. Environ. Qual., 22: 689-697.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Shahin, R.R. and A.S. Suliman, 1998. Transformation of sulfur-blended urea and ammonia volatilization in sandy soils. Fayoum J. Agric. Res. Dev., 12: 66-77.


  • Al-Redhaiman, K.N., 2000. Determination of some mineral elements in different types of vegetables grown in central Saudi Arabia (Al-Qassim). Mansoura Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 25: 627-631.


  • Chang, A.C., A.L. Page, J.E. Warneke and E. Grgurevic, 1984. Sequential extraction of soil heavy metals following a sludge application. J. Environ. Qual., 1: 33-38.


  • Zimdahl, R.L. and R.K. Skogerboe, 1977. Behavior of lead in soil. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11: 1202-1207.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Li, Z. and L.M. Shuman, 1996. Extractability of zinc, cadmium and Nickel in soils amended with EDTA. Soil Sci., 161: 226-232.
    Direct Link    


  • Lindsay, W.L. and W.A. Norvell, 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42: 421-428.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Helal, M.I., S.H. Badawy and S.A. El-Gendi, 1996. Adsorption and desorption of cadmium in some soils of Egypt. Mansoura Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 3015-3026.


  • Christensen, T.H., 1984. Cadmium soil sorption at low concentrations: I. Effect of time, cadmium load, pH and calcium. Water Air Soil Pollut., 21: 105-114.


  • Pueyo, M., J. Sastre, E. Hernandez, M. Vidal, J.F. Lopez-Sanchez and G. Rauret, 2003. Prediction of trace element mobility in contaminated soils by sequential extraction. J. Environ. Qual., 32: 2054-2066.


  • Page, A.L., R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edn., ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI., USA., Pages: 1159


  • Stumm, W. and J.J. Morgan, 1996. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters. 3rd Edn., Wiley Interscience, New York, USA


  • Dowdy, R.H. and V.V. Volk, 1983. Movement of Heavy Metals in Soils. In: Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems, Nelson, D.W., D.E. Elrick and K.K. Tanji (Eds.). 11th Edn., SSSA, Madison, WI, USA., pp: 227-240


  • Stevenson, F.J., 1991. Organic Matter Micro-nutrient Reaction in Soil. In: Microutrient in Agriculture, Mortvedt, J.J., F.R. Cox, L.M. Shuman and R.M. Welch (Eds.) 2nd Edn., Soil Science Society America, Madison, USA., pp: 145-186


  • Dewis, J. and F. Feritas, 1970. Physical and chemical methods of soil and water analysis. FAO Soils Bulletin No. 10. FAO, Rome, pp: 275.


  • Cottenie, A., M. Verloo, L. Kiekens, G. Velgh and R. Camcrlynck, 1982. Chemical analysis of plant and soil. Laboratory Analytical Agrochemistry, State University Ghent, Belbium.


  • Jackson, M.L., 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis Practice. Hall, Inc., Eagle Wood Chaff, New York


  • SAS, 1996. SAS Procedure Guide. 12 Edn., Version 6, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA


  • Norvell, W.A., 1991. Reaction of Metal Chelates in Soils and Nutrient Solutions. In: Micronutrient in Agriculture, Mortvelt, J.J., F.R. Cox, L.M. Shuman and R.M. Welch (Eds.). 2nd Edn., Soil Science Society America, Madison, WI, USA., pp: 187-227


  • Alloway, B.J., 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie and Sons Ltd., Glasgow, UK


  • Pulls, R.W. and H.L. Bohn, 1988. Cadmium. In: Heavy Metals in Soils, Blackie, Glasgow and London, Alloway, B.J. (Ed.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp: 100-124


  • Farrar, H. and W.F. Pickering, 1977. Cadmium. In: Heavy Metals in Soils, Blackie, Glasgow and London, Alloway, B.J. (Ed.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp: 100-124

  • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved