HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences

Year: 2004 | Volume: 7 | Issue: 8 | Page No.: 1419-1426
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2004.1419.1426
Effect of Cadmium on Sunflower Growth, Leaf Pigment and Photosynthetic Enzymes
Saida Sayar Hammami, Radhouane Chaffai and Ezzedine El Ferjani

Abstract: The characteristics of photosynthetic metabolism, during treatment with cadmium, in two stories of sunflower seedlings were investigated. After 7 days of application of the metal, chlorosis and necrosis appeared especially in the first story. These stories approved a high decrease in the amount of Fe and Mg, this decrease was more important in the first story. Pigments were analyzed in the two stories and a significant decrease was recorded. However, no changes observed in the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). Furthermore, the majority of carboxylation enzymes showed a decrease of their activity. Results of the present study suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus remained functional after Cd exposition and showed a tolerance for this metal despite effects on growth, mineral nutrition and enzymes activities.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
Saida Sayar Hammami, Radhouane Chaffai and Ezzedine El Ferjani, 2004. Effect of Cadmium on Sunflower Growth, Leaf Pigment and Photosynthetic Enzymes. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 1419-1426.

Keywords: helianthus annuus, chlorophy fluorescence and cd toxicity

REFERENCES
  • Di Toppi, S.L. and R. Gabbrielli, 1999. Response to cadmium in higher plants. Environ. Exptl. Bot., 41: 105-130.

  • Florijn, P.J. and M.L. van Beusichem, 1993. Uptake and distribution of cadmium in maize inbred lines. Plant Soil, 150: 25-32.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Jalil, A., F. Selles and J.M. Clarke, 1994. Growth and cadmium accumulation in two durum wheat cultivars. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant. Anal., 25: 2597-2611.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Hardiman, R.T. and B. Jacoby, 1984. Absorption and translocation of Cd in bush beans Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiol. Plant, 61: 670-674.
    CrossRef    

  • Jalil, A., F. Selles and J.M. Clarke, 1994. Effect of cadmium on growth and the uptake of cadmium and other elements by durum wheat. J. Plant Nutr., 17: 1839-1858.
    CrossRef    

  • Yang, X., V.C. Baligar, D.C. Martens and R.B. Clark, 1995. Influx, transport and accumulation of cadmium in plant species grown at different Cd2+ activities. J. Environ. Sci. Health, 30: 569-583.
    Direct Link    

  • Gussarsson, M., H. Asp, S. Adalsteinsson and P. Jensen, 1996. Enhancement of cadmium effects on growth and nutrient composition of birch Betula pendula by buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). J. Exp. Bot., 47: 211-215.
    Direct Link    

  • Somashekaraiah, B.V., K. Padmaja and A.R.K. Prasad, 1992. Phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on germinating seedlings of mung bean Phaseolus vulgaris. involvement of lipid peroxides in chlorophyll degradation. Physiol. Plantarum, 85: 85-89.
    CrossRef    

  • Shaw, B.P., 1995. Effect of mercury and cadmium on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the seedling of Phaseolus aureus. Biol. Plants, 37: 587-596.

  • Gallego, S.M., M.P. Benavides and M.L. Tomaro, 1996. Effect of heavy metal ion excess on sunflower leaves: Evidence for involvement of oxidative stress. Plant Sci., 121: 151-159.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Stobart, AK., W.T. Griffiths, I. Ameen-Bukhari and R.P. Sherwood, 1985. The effec of Cd2+ on the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in leaves of barley. Physiologia Plantarum, 63: 293-298.
    CrossRef    

  • Van Assche, F. and H. Clijsters, 1990. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants. Plant Cell Environ., 13: 195-206.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Greger, M. and E. Ogren, 1991. Direct and indirect effects of Cd (II)2+ on photosynthesis in sugar beet Beta vulgaris. Physiol. Plant, 83: 129-135.
    CrossRef    

  • De Filippis, L. and H. Ziegler, 1993. Effect of sublethal concentrations of zinc, cadmium and mercury on the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle of Euglena. J. Plant Physiol., 142: 167-172.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Ranieri, A., R. Serini, A. Castagna, C. Nali, B. Baldan, G. Lorenzini and G.F. Soldatini, 2000. Differential sensitivity to ozone in two poplar clones. Analysis of thylakoid pigment protein complexes. Physiologia Plantarum, 110: 181-188.
    CrossRef    

  • Zheng, W.J., X.P. Zheng and C.L. Zhang, 2000. A survey of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in 4 ecotypes of Phragmites australis in northwest china: leaf anatomy, ultrastructure and activities of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glycollate oxidase. Physiol. Plant, 110: 201-208.
    CrossRef    

  • Sato, F., K. Nishida and Y. Yamada, 1980. Activities of carboxylation enzymes and products of 14CO2 fixation in photoautotrophically cultured cells. Plant Sci. Lett., 20: 91-97.
    CrossRef    

  • Maroco, J.P., M.S.B. Ku, P.J. Lea, L.V. Dever, R.C. Leegood, R.T. Furbank and G.E. Edwards, 1998. Oxygen requirement and inhibition of C4 photosynthesis. An analysis of C4 plants deficient in the C3 and C4 cycles. Plant Physiol., 116: 823-832.
    Direct Link    

  • Bjorkman, O. and B. Demmig, 1987. Photon yield of O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta, 170: 489-504.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Havaux, M., R.J. Strasser and H. Greppin, 1991. A theoretical and experimental analysis of the qp and qN coefficients of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and their relation to photochemical and nonphotochemical events. Photosynth. Res., 27: 41-55.

  • Greger, M. and S. Lindberg, 1987. Effects of Cd2+ and EDTA on young sugar beets Beta vulgaris. II- Net uptake and distribution of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Fe2+/ Fe2+. Physiol. Plant, 69: 81-86.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Siedlecka, A. and T. Baszynski, 1993. Inhibition of electron flow around photosystem I in chloroplasts of Cd-treated maize plants is due to Cd-induced iron deficiency. Physiol. Plant, 87: 199-202.

  • Di Cagno, R., L. Guid, A. Stefani and G.F. Soldatini, 1999. Effects of cadmium on growth of Helianthus annuus seedlings: physiological aspects. New Phytol., 144: 65-71.

  • Chugh, K.L. and K.S. Sawhney, 1999. Photosynthetic activities of Pisum sativum seedlings grown in presence of cadmium. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 37: 297-303.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Di Cagno, R., L. Guid, L. De Gara and G.F. Soldatini, 2001. Combined cadmium and ozone treatments affect photosynthesis and ascorbate-dependent defences in sunflower. New Phytologist, 151: 627-636.

  • Muthuchelian, K., M. Bertamini and N. Nedunchezhian, 2001. Triacontanol can protect Erythrina variegata from cadmium toxicity. J. Plant Physiol, 158: 1487-1490.
    CrossRef    

  • Pietrini, F., M.A. Iannelli, S. Pasqualini and A. Massacci, 2003. Interaction of cadmium with glutathione and photosynthesis in developing leaves and chloroplasts of Phragmites australis Cav. Plant Physiol., 133: 829-837.
    PubMed    

  • Padmaja, K., D.D.K. Passad and A.R.K. Prassad, 1990. Inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings by cadmium acetate. Photosynthetica, 24: 399-405.
    Direct Link    

  • Baszynski, T., L. Wajda, M. Krol, D. Wolinska, Z. Krupa and A. Tukendorf, 1980. Photosynthetic activities of cadmium-treated tomato plants. Physiol. Plant., 48: 365-370.
    CrossRef    

  • Bazzaz, F.A., G.L. Rolfe and R.W. Carlson, 1992. Effect of Cd on photosynthesis and transpiration of excised leaves of corn and sunflower. Physiol. Plant, 32: 373-377.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Krupa, Z., G. Oquist and N.P.A. Huner, 1992. The influence of cadmium on primary photosystem II photochemistry in bean as revealed by chlorophyll a fluorescence-a preliminary study. Acta Physiol. Plant, 14: 71-76.
    Direct Link    

  • Krupa, Z., G. Oquist and N.P.A. Huner, 1993. The effects of cadmium on photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris-a fluorescence analysis. Physiol. Plant, 88: 626-630.
    CrossRef    

  • Siedlecka, A. and Z. Krupa, 1996. Interaction between cadmium and iron and its effects on photosynthetic capacity of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 32: 833-841.
    Direct Link    

  • Candan, N. and L. Tarhan, 2003. Relationship among chlorophyll-carotenoid content, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels by Mg2+ deficiency in the Mentha pulegium leaves. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 41: 35-40.
    CrossRef    

  • Weigel, H.J., 1985. The effect of Cd2+ on Photosynthetic reactions of mesophyll protoplasts. Physiol. Plant, 63: 192-200.
    CrossRef    

  • Weigel, H.J., 1985. Inhibition of photosynthetic reactions of isolated chloroplasts by cadmium. J. Plant Physiol., 119: 179-189.

  • Stiborova M., M. Doubravova, A. Brezinova and A. Friedrich, 1986. Effect of heavy metal ions on growth and biochemical characteristics of photosynthesis of barley Hordeum vulgare L). Photosynthetica, 20: 418-425.
    Direct Link    

  • Sheoran, I.S., H.R. Singal and R. Singh, 1990. Effect of cadmium and nickel on photosynthesis and enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle in pigeonpea Cajanus cajan L.). Photosynthesis Res., 23: 345-351.
    Direct Link    

  • Malik, D., I.S. Sheoran and R. Singh, 1992. Carbon metabolism in leaves of cadmium treated wheat seedlings. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 30: 223-229.
    Direct Link    

  • Siedlecka, A., Z. Krupa, G. Samuelsson, G. Oquist and P. Gardestrom,Siedlecka, A., Z. Krupa, G. Samuelsson, G. Oquist and P. Gardestrom, 1997. Primary carbon metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris plants under Cd(II)/Fe interaction. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 35: 951-957.

  • Krupa, Z. and M. Moniak, 1998. The stage of leaf maturity implicates he response of the photosynthetic apparatus to cadmium toxicity. Plant Sci., 138: 148-156.

  • Melzer, E. and M. OLeary, 1987. Anapleurotic CO2 fixation by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C3 plants. Plant Physiol., 84: 58-60.

  • Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248-254.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Larsson, E., J. Borman and H. Asp, 1998. Influence of UV radiation and Cd2+ on chlorophyll florescence, growth and nutrient content in Brassica napus. J. Exp. Bot., 49: 1031-1039.
    CrossRef    

    • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved