Forms of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge and Soil Amended with Sludge
Abstract:
A number of extractions were carried out on soils, in order to assess both the relative concentrations of metals available to plants and also the major forms in which these metals existed in soils. The objective of this study was to assess the quantity and forms of metals in different soils, sludge and soils amended with sludge. It seemed that initially each metal will respond differently after incorporation into the soil system. There was a greater fraction of soluble metals in the sludge amended soils than the controls. Micro-organisms might, by using organic and inorganic matter as source of carbon and energy, bring about oxidation and reduction sufficient to change the state of metals.
How to cite this article
J. Nouri, B. J. Alloway and P. J. Peterson, 2001. Forms of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge and Soil Amended with Sludge. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 1460-1465.
REFERENCES
Bradford, G.R., A.L. Page, L.J. Lund and W. Olmstead, 1975. Trace element concentrations of sewage treatment plant effluents and sludges: Their interactions with soils and uptake by plants. J. Environ. Qual., 4: 123-127.
Direct Link
Alloway, B.J., 1995. Soil Processes and the Behavior of Heavy Metals. In: Heavy Metals in Soils, Alloway, B.J., (Ed.). Blackie Academic and Professional Publ., New York, USA
Mclaren, R.G. and P.V. Crawford, 1973. Studies of copper I. The fractionation of copper in soils. J. Soil Sci., 24: 172-181.
Martell, A.E. and M. Calvin, 1952. Chemistry of the Metal Chelate Compounds. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., USA
Alloway, B.J. and A.P. Jackson, 1991. The behavior of heavy metals in sewage sludge amended soils. J. Sci. Total Environ., 100: 151-176.
PubMed
Lindsay, W.L. and W.A. Norvell, 1969. Equilibrium relationships of Zn2+, Fe3+, Ca2+ and H+ with EDTA and DTPA in soils. Soils Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 33: 62-68.
CrossRef Direct Link
Lindsay, W.L. and W.A. Norvell, 1969. Development of a DTPA micronutrient soil test. Agron. Abstr.
Bloomfield, C. and G. Pruden, 1975. The effects of aerobic and anaerobic incubation on the extractabilities of heavy metals in digested sludge. Environ. Pollut., 8: 217-232.
Direct Link
Page, A.L., 1974. Fate of Effects of Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge When Applied to Agricultural Lands: A Literature Review Study. University of California, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Berkeley, CA., USA
Berrow, M.L. and J. Webber, 1972. Trace elements in sewage sludges. J. Sci. Food Agric., 23: 93-100.
Direct Link
Andersson, A. and K.O. Nilsson, 1974. Influence of lime and soil pH on cadmium availability to plants. Ambio, 3: 198-2000.
Direct Link
Alloway, B.J., M.L. Gregson, S.K. Gregson, R. Tanner and A. Tills, 1979. Heavy metals in soils contaminated from several sources including sewage sludge. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management and Control of Heavy Metals in the Environment, (ICMCHME'79), Consultants Ltd., Edinburgh, UK., pp: 545-548.
Chumbley, C.G., 1971. Permissible levels of toxic metals in sewage sludge used on agricultural land. ADAS Advisory Paper No. 10, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food.
Sorensen, R.C., D.D. Oelsligle and D. Knudsen, 1971. Extractability of Zn, Fe and Mn from soils with O.1 N hydrochloric acid as affected by soil properties, solution: Soil ratio and length of extraction period. Soil Sci., 111: 352-359.
Lagerwerff, J.V., D.L. Brower and G.T. Giersdorf, 1973. Accumulation of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc in Soil and Vegetation in the Proximity of a Smelter. In: Trace Substances in Environmental Health-VI, Hemphill, D.D. (Ed.). University of Missouri, Columbia
Warren, H.V. and R.E. Delavault, 1960. Aqua regia extractable Cu and Zn in plutonic rocks, in relation to one deposits. Trans. Inst. Min. Metal, 69: 495-504.
Nouri, J., 1980. Heavy metals in sewage sludge, soils amended with sludge and their uptake by crop plants. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.
Essington, M.E. and S.V. Mattigod, 1991. Trace element solid-phase associatoins in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55: 350-356.
Direct Link
Stover, R.C., L.E. Sommers and D.J. Silviera, 1976. Evaluation of metals in wastewater sludge. J. Water Pollut. Control, 48: 2165-2175.
Direct Link
Brallier, S., R.B. Harrison, C.L. Henry and X. Dongsen, 1996. Liming effects on availability of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in a soil amended with sewage sludge 16 years previously. Water Air Soil Pollut., 86: 1-4.
Direct Link
Juste, C. and P. Solda, 1977. Effect of heavy applications of sewage sludge on corn crops: Effects on yield, plant composition and some characteristics of the soil. Bull. Assoc. France Etude Sol, 3: 147-155.
Keefer, R.F. and R.N. Singh, 1986. Correlation of metal-organic fractions with soil properties in sewage-sludge-amended soils. Soil Sci., 142: 20-26.
Direct Link
Silviera, D.J. and L.E. Sommers, 1977. Extractability of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in soils amended with sewage sludge. J. Environ. Oual., 6: 47-52.
Direct Link
Pavoni, J.L., 1970. Fractional composition of microbially produced exocellutar polymers and their relationship to biological flocculation. Ph.D. Thesis, University Notre Dame, Indiana.
© Science Alert. All Rights Reserved