Abstract: Evaluation of different Herbicides for the control of weeds in wheat was conducted at the area of Adaptive Research Model Farm Quetta, during the year 1997-98. Five different Herbicides were applied at recommended commercial rates. The highest 1000-grain weight (46.32 gm) was recorded with application of T6 (Banvel-M) which was statistically at par with T1 (Buctril-M) 45.25 gm 1000-grain weight. Weedicides significantly affected the weed population, weed biomass, an various yield components. The highest grain yield 5030 kg ha–1 was obtained in plots treated with Banvel-M close to it 5010 kg ha–1. Buctrial-M yield, as compared to control 4195 kg ha–1.
Introduction
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays an important role in the economy of Pakistan. Decrease in wheat production severely affects the economy of Pakistan.
In spite the best effects and intensive research work, wheat yield in Pakistan is low (2026 kg ha–1) with much gap to potential yield because of intensive cultivation and better inputs like higher rate.
Weeds may cause yield reduction (Anonymous, 1997). Weed reduced crop yields by competing for height, nutrients, water and carbon dioxide and interfere with harvest and increase the time and costs involved in crop production. In addition, weeds harbor insects and plant disease organisms and in some cases, they serve as essential alternate host for these pests.
Weed can he controlled physically, biologically and chemically. In general, cultural methods are still a useful tool but are getting expensive laborious and time consuming. Keeping in view, chemical weed control is an important alternative. This methods is quite effective and efficient. Weed control in wheat with herbicides has been suggested by many Researchers (Shah et al., 1989; Randhawa and Sandhu, 1989; Subhan and Khan, 1991). Herbicide application is not only more effective and cheap but is also efficient method to check weed infestation and may help in achieving a speedy break through wheat production.
The study was, therefore, planned to evaluate different pre and post emergence herbicides to control weed in wheat.
Materials and Methods
Studies pertaining to the effect of different herbicides on weeds population and yield of wheat variety "Inqulab-91" was conducted at the Adaptive Research Area Model Farm Quetta. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with tour replications. Net plot size was measured 3.0 x 6.0 m. The following experimental treatments were used:
| T1 | = | Buctril-M at 1.5 ha–1 (Post emergence) |
| T2 | = | Logran-M at 250 gm ha–1 (Post emergence) |
| T3 | = | Agroxone at 1.5 lit ha–1 (Post emergence) |
| T4 | = | Buctril-M at 1.5 lit ha–1 (Pre emergence) |
| T5 | = | Banvel-M at 0.75 lit ha–1 (Post emergence) |
| T6 | = | Control |
As area of 1 m2 form two different places was Ear-marke at random in each plot, for counting wheat germination and weed population. Initial weed population was recorded just before spraying. Second weed population was recorded twenty days after weedicides spray to calculate mortality percentage. The data on various parameters were recorded during the course of study.
The data collected were tabulated and analyzed statistical by using appropriate statistical methods (Steel and Torrie, 1980).
Results and Discussion
All the herbicides decreased weed density and increase yield 19 percent, over untreated control plot T6. These results agree with those reported by Lidder et al. (1990) Application of Banvel-M (Post emergence) and Buctril-M (Pro-emergence) found to be more efficient than the post emergence of Buctril-M. Agroxone and Logran again weeds. Weedicides significantly affected the weed population weed biomass and various yield components i.e., number tillers per unit area, number of fertile tillers per unit are number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spill and yield per hectare were substantially affected and application Banvel-M at 0.75 lit and Buctril-M at 1.5 lit han. resulted in more positive influence on these parameted These results agree with those reported by Subhan and Khan (1991).
Among these herbicides Banvel-M resulted relatively many number of tillers per unit area, number of grains per spill number of spikelet per spike than rest of treatments (T1, T2 T3, T4).
| Table 1: | Effect of different herbicides on weed population and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
The highest grain yield 5030 kg ha–1 was obtained in plots treated with Banvel-M close to it 5010 kg ha–1 Buctril-M yielded (Table 1).
The use of 0.75 lit and Buctril-M 1.5 lit/hectare seems to be optimum to get increased yield of wheat under conditions. However, further studies of this natures are warranted. The highest 1000-grain weight (46.32 gm) was recorded with application of T5 (Banvel-M) which was statistically at par with T1 (Buctril-M) 45.25 gm 1000-grain weight.
The maximum grain yield 5030.29 and 5010.05 kg ha–1 was recorded in T5 and T4 as compared to control. The rest of the treatment were statistically at par with one another.