HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

Journal of Medical Sciences

Year: 2001 | Volume: 1 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 39-43
DOI: 10.3923/jms.2001.39.43
Cadmium Toxicity and Cell Stress Response
Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy, Salman A. Al-Rokayan and Fahad A. Al-Misned

Abstract: Cadmium is a potent toxicant that is linked to multiple human disorders. Recently, it has been shown that cadmium induces the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and polyubiquitin genes in the fresh-water snail, Biomphalaria arabica. In this report, the hazarodus effects of cadmium, the mechanism of cadmium-mediated cell stress response, and the use of cell stress response as a bio-indicatior for cadmium toxicity are discused.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy, Salman A. Al-Rokayan and Fahad A. Al-Misned, 2001. Cadmium Toxicity and Cell Stress Response. Journal of Medical Sciences, 1: 39-43.

Keywords: Cadmium, heat shock proteins and ubiquitin

REFERENCES
  • Al-Khedhairy, A.A., 2000. Analysis of HSP70 gene expression in Biomphalaria arabica after exposure to cadmium. Egypt. J. Zool., 35: 151-161.

  • Al-Khedhairy, A.A., 2001. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of polyubiquitin gene expression in Biomphalaria arabica after exposure to heat stress and cadmium. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 4: 103-106.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Ananthan, J., A.L. Goldberg and R. Voellmy, 1986. Abnormal proteins serve as eukaryotic stress signals and trigger the activation of heat shock genes. Science, 232: 522-524.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Baker, R.T. and P.G. Board, 1991. The human ubiquitin-52 amino acid fusion protein gene shares several structural features with mammalian ribosomal protein genes. Nucl. Acids Res., 19: 1035-1040.
    Direct Link    

  • Baler, R., W.J. Welch and R. Voelmy, 1992. Heat shock gene regulation by nascent polypeptides and denatured proteins: Hsp70 as a potential autoregulatory factor. J. Cell. Biol., 117: 1151-1159.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Basun, H., L.G. Forssell, L. Wetterberg and B. Winblad, 1991. Metals and trace elements in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. J. Neural Transm. Park Dis. Dement. Sect., 3: 231-258.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Bernard, A. and R. Lauwerys, 1986. Cadmium in human population. Experientia Supplementum, 50: 114-123.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Bishoff, S.T. and L.M. Schwartz, 1990. Characterization of a ubiquitin-fusion gene from the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta. Nucl. Acids Res., 18: 6039-6043.
    Direct Link    

  • Bond, U. and M.J. Schlesinger, 1986. The chicken ubiquitin gene contains a heat shock promoter and expresses an unstable mRNA in heat-shocked cells. Mol. Cell Biol., 6: 4602-4610.
    Direct Link    

  • Bond, U. and M.J. Schlesinger, 1985. Ubiquitin is a heat shock protein in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Mol. Cell Biol., 5: 949-956.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Brown, D.S. and C.A. Wright, 1980. Molluscs of Saudi Arabia, fresh water molluscs. Fauna Saudi Arabia, 2: 341-358.

  • Cabrera, H.L., R. Barrio and C. Arribas, 1992. Structure and expression of the Drosophila ubiquitin-52-amino-acid fusion-protein gene. Biochem. J., 286: 281-288.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Craig, E.A. and C.A. Gross, 1991. Is hsp70 the cellular thermometer? Trends Biochem. Sci., 16: 135-140.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Finley, D., E. Ozkaynak and A. Varshavsky, 1987. The yeast polyubiquitin gene is essential for resistance to high temperatures, starvation and other stresses. Cell, 48: 1035-1046.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Georgopoulos, C. and W.J. Welch, 1993. Role of the major heat shock proteins as molecular chaperones. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol., 9: 601-634.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Hatcher, E.L., Y. Chen and Y.J. Kang, 1995. Cadmium resistance in A549 cells correlates with elevated glutathione content but not antioxidant enzymatic activities. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 19: 805-812.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Hershko, A. and A. Ciechanover, 1992. The ubiquitin system for protein degradation. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 61: 761-807.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Hung, J.J., T.J. Cheng, Y.K. Lai and M.D. Chang, 1998. Differential activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases confers cadmium-induced HSP70 expression in 9L rat brain tumor cells. J. Biol. Chem., 273: 31924-31931.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Kazantzis, G., 1987. Cadmium. In: Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Metals Envir onmental and Occupational Occurrence and Exposure, Fishbein, L., A. Furst and M.A. Mehlman (Eds.). Princeton Scientific Publications Co. Inc., Princeton,

  • Lee, K.J. and G.M. Hahn, 1988. Abnormal proteins as the trigger for the induction of stress responses: Heat, diamide and sodium arsenite. J. Cell Physiol., 136: 411-420.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Liao, V.H.C. and J.H. Freedman, 1998. Cadmium-regulated genes from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identification and cloning of new cadmium-responsive genes by differential display. J. Biol. Chem., 273: 31962-31970.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Lindquist, S., 1986. The heat-shock response. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 55: 1151-1191.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Liu, R.Y., P.M. Corry and Y.J. Lee, 1994. Regulation of chemical stress-induced HSP70 gene expression in murine L929 cells. J. Cell Sci., 107: 2209-2214.
    Direct Link    

  • Morimoto, R.I., 1993. Cells in stress: Transcriptional activation of heat shock genes. Science, 259: 1409-1410.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Morimoto, R.I., 1998. Regulation of the heat shock transcriptional response: Cross talk between a family of heat shock factors, molecular chaperones and negative regulators. Genes Dev., 12: 3788-3796.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Muller-Taubenberger, A., J. Hagmann, A. Noegel and G. Gerisch, 1988. Ubiquitin gene expression in Dictyostelium is induced by heat and cold shock, cadmium and inhibitors of protein synthesis. J. Cell Sci., 90: 51-58.
    Direct Link    

  • Ostrowski, S.R., S. Wilbur, C.H. Chou, H.R. Pohl and Y.W. Stevens et al., 1999. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry's 1997 priority list of hazardous substances. Latent effects-carcinogenesis, neurotoxicology and developmental deficits in humans and animals. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 15: 602-644.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Nemery, B., 1990. Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. Eur. Respir. J., 3: 202-219.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Ovelgonne, H., M. Bitorina and R. Van Wijk, 1995. Stressor-specific activation of heat shock genes in H35 rat hepatoma cells. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol., 135: 100-109.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Ovelgonne, J.H., J.E.M. Souren, F.A.C. Wiegant and R. van Wijk, 1995. Relationship between cadmium-induced expression of heatshock genes, inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death. Toxicology, 99: 19-30.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Ozkaynak, E., D. Finley, M.J. Solomon and A. Varshaysky, 1987. The yeast ubiquitin genes: A family of natural gene fusions. EMBO J., 6: 1429-1439.
    Direct Link    

  • Pascoe, G.A., R.J. Blanchet and G. Linde, 1996. Food chain analysis of exposures and risks to wildlife at a metals-contaminated wetland. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 30: 306-318.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Ritossa, F., 1962. A new puffing pattern induced by temperature shock and DNP in drosophila. Experientia, 18: 571-573.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Salminen, Jr.W.F., R. Voellmy and S.M. Roberts, 1996. Induction of hsp 70 in HepG2 cells in response to hepatotoxicants. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol., 141: 117-123.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    

  • Schroder, H.C., H.M. Hassanein, S. Lauenroth, C. Koziol and T.A. Mohammed et al., 1999. Induction of DNA strand breaks and expression of HSP70 and GRP78 homolog by cadmium in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 36: 47-55.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Siddiqui, A.Q., 1981. Distribution of three species of snails (Gastropoda: Mollusca) in an inland marsh and in drainage canal in Al-Hassa region. Proc. Saudi Biol. Soc., 5: 347-360.

  • Somji, S., J.H. Todd, M.A. Sens, S.H. Garrett and D.A. Sens, 1999. Expression of the constitutive and inducible forms of heat shock protein 70 in human proximal tubule cells exposed to heat, sodium arsenite and CdCl(2). Environ. Health Perspect., 107: 887-893.
    Direct Link    

  • Steiner, E., B. Kleinhappl, A. Gutschi and E. Marth, 1998. Analysis of HSP70 mRNA levels in HepG2 cells exposed to various metals differing in toxicity. Toxicol. Lett., 96-97: 169-176.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Sunderman, Jr.F.W., 1987. Metal induction of heme oxygenase. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 514: 65-80.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Vallee, B.L. and D.D. Ulmer, 1972. Biochemical effects of mercury, cadmium and lead. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 41: 91-128.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Wedler, F.C., 1987. Determination of Molecular Heat Stability. In: Thermotolerance, Mechanisms of Heat Resistance, Henle, K.J. (Eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., pp: 2-18

  • Wiborg, O., M.S. Pedersen, A. Wind, L.E. Berglund, K.A. Marcker and J. Vuust, 1985. The human ubiquitin multigene family: Some genes contain multiple directly repeated ubiquitin coding sequences. EMBO J., 4: 755-759.
    Direct Link    

  • Wiegant, F.A., J.E. Souren, J. van Rijn and R. van Wijk, 1994. Stressor-specific induction of heat shock proteins in rat hepatoma cells. Toxicology, 94: 143-159.
    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Wu, C., 1995. Heat shock transcription factors: Structure and regulation. Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol., 11: 441-469.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

  • Hamer, D.H., 1986. Metallothionein. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 55: 913-951.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    

    • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved