Abstract: The aim of the study was to obtain the fauna of Crambidae in Adana province, Turkey. The study was conducted in fields and laboratory. Parapoynx affinialis (Guenee, 1854) was caught at intervals with insect net, mercury vapour light trap and white screen in different localities, at different elevations, in different climatic conditions, plant covers and surface features in Adana. Specimen was dissected in the laboratory; male and female genitalia and wings slides were prepared and photographed with a digital camera. In this study, the identity of P. affinialis was given referring to morphological characters of male and female adults. As a result of the study, P. affinialis is a new record for Turkey.
Introduction
Although many attempts have been made to complete the lepidoptera fauna Turkey, it has not been covered completely (Kansu, 1964). Until today, Turkish lepidopterists such as İyriboz (1940), Ertürk (1963), Kansu (1964; 1965), Şengün and Güneyi (1968), Seven (1995), Koçak and Seven (1997) and Atay (2003; 2004) have made valuable contribution on Turkish Lepidoptera. Within the Crambidae subfamily the Nymphulinae are 716 species in the world (Munroe and Solis, 1999); 75 species are known from South-East Asia (Robinson et al., 1994).
The Genus Parapoynx (Mubher, 1825) which has 5 species in Europe is well known in the subfamily Nuymphulinae (Karsholt and Razowski, 1996). The important external and genitalia characters of the genus Parapoynx: Antennae filiform densely covered with cilia. Antennal segments with appressed scales alternating with distant scales. Ocelli present. Labial palpus falcate, narrow and directed upward. Maxillary palpus thin. Haustellum short. On forewings R2-R4 on common stalk. On hindwings M2 and M3 basally approximate or originating from a single point. Male genitalia: uncus longer than gnathos; valva narrow, long, without processes; aedeagus short, without cornuti. Female genitalia: bursae copulatrix spherical with long ductus bursae; signum present (Hannemann, 1964; Goater, 1986; Medvedev, 1997; Palm, 1986).
The aim of the study was to obtain the fauna of the Crambidae in Adana province. Parapoynx affinialis (Guenee, 1854) was found first time in Turkey during this study.
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted in the fields and laboratory between March and November 2002 in Adana province, Southern Turkey. The samples were collected at intervals with insect net, mercury vapour light trap and white screen in different localities, at different elevations, in different climatic conditions, plant covers, surface features in Adana. Specimens were dissected in the laboratory, male and female genitalia and fore-hind wings slides were prepared and photographed with a digital camera. For the preparation of genitalia slides. The abdomen was detached from the thorax by applying some upward pressure on the end of the abdomen then the abdomen was put in a glass tube with about 5 mL of a solition of 10% Potassium hydroxide (KOH) the tube was heated in a water-bath which was near boiling point for 5-10 min the abdomen was put in a petri dish with water for dissection and cleaning; male or female genitalia were removed from abdomen using dissecting pins and the last scales and hairs or any other material under the dissecting microscope were removed. Then the genitalia was put in a petri dish with 70% ethyl alcohol (C2H5COOH) for dissection and cleaning, later put it in a petri dish with 95% C2H5COOH for fixation of the staining and dehydration. For permanent slide, the genitalia was placed on a microscope slide with canada balsam. The slide was kept on a smooth surface and allowed several days at room temperature. The important taxonomic characters were described. The species are deposited in the Biology Department of Çukurova University.
Results and Discussion
Genus Parapoynx (Hubner, 1825)
Synonym:Eustales (Clemens, 1860); (Sironia Clemens, 1860); Nymphaeella
Grote, 1880 (Leraut, 1997).
Parapoynx affinialis (Guenee, 1854)
| Fig. 1: | A) Male, B) Female of Parapoynx affinialis |
Material Examined
Yuregir-Adana (37 01 34 N; 35 21 32 E, 65 m.): 04.09.2002, 2♀♀; 20.10.2002, 1♂, 1♀; 27.10.2002, 3♀♀; Pozantı-Adana (37 28 35 N; 34 54 17 E, 1120 m.): 06.10.2002, 2♂♂, 2♀♀; 14.08.2002, 2♂♂, 1♀; Yumurtalık-Adana (36 43 18 N; 35 38 16 E, 30 m): 24.07.2002, 2♀♀; Kozan-Adana (37 18 40 N; 35 35 16 E, 300 m.): 03.09.2002, 1♂, 1♀; Horzum-Kozan-Adana (37 37 22 N; 35 50 50 E, 710 m.): 19.08.2002, 2♂♂, 2♀♀; Aladag-Adana (37 24 46 N; 35 27 39 E, 150m): 14.08.2002, 2♂♂, 1♀
Measurements
Length ♂: 5.4-6.8 (6.15) and ♂: 7.2-8.4 (8.03) mm. Wingspan
♂: 13.2-15.4 (14.60), ♂ and 17.7-19.0 (18.49) mm.
| Fig. 2: | A) Uncus and Gnathos, B) Valva, C) Aedeagus of Male Genitalia |
Description
Male (Fig. 1A): Vertex, frons, antennae, labial palpus
and maxillary palpus white with gray spots. Antennae length 6.2 mm., filiform
and long, densely covered with cilia, its length 0.83 times longer than forewing
length. Head 1.78 times wider than its length. Labial palpus well developed,
long and narrow, directed obliquely upwards, 1.59 times as long as ocular diameter.
Maxillary palpus long, thin and densely covered with scales. Haustellum both
sex very short. Ocelli and chaetosemate present. Eyes large and dark brown.
Forewing long, broad and triangle shaped, its length 3 times longer than its
width. Surface of the forewings dirty white; postmedian line thin and light
brownish gray; between subterminal and termen light brown-gray; discal spot
dark brown edged, small and ring shaped; fringe dirty yellow. Hindwing long
and broad, its length 2.50 times longer than width. On the hindwings the same
color as with forewings, with brown postmedial line and small dark discal spot.
Vertex and frons are densely covered with smooth scales.
| Fig. 3: | A) Ovipositor, B) Anterior and Posterior Apophysis, C) Ductus Bursae, D) Bursae Copulatrix of Female Genitalia |
Male Genitalia
Uncus very long and narrow, more or less broad the base and sparsely setose
(Fig. 2A). Gnathos arms very short with median element thin
finger like and apically pointed; its length 0.85 times longer than uncus length.
Valva long and broad, its length is 3.03 times longer than its width, ovally
shaped, rounded at tip (Fig. 2B). Surface of the valva with
weakly short setose and without processes costal and ventral margins of the
valva thin. Saccus and sacculus short and narrow. Annelus oval shaped. Aedeagus
long and cylindrical, more or less membranous, its length 5 times longer than
width. Cornutu absent (Fig. 2C).
Female Genitalia
Ovipositor lobes broad with long setose (Fig. 3A) Anterior
and posterior apophysis very long and thin, both apophysis equal length (Fig.
3B). Ostium long and membranous. Ductus bursae long, narrow and membranous
(Fig. 3C). Bursae copulatrix globular, membranous and finely
spinulose. Signum small spinulose, a pair of short thin line shaped (Fig.
3D).
Adults and male and female genitalia slides were examined carefully and identified as Parapoynx affinialis (Guenee) by Dr. Michael Shaffer (The Natural History Museum, London). In this study, the identity of P. affinialis (Guenee) was given referring to morphological characters belonging to male and female adults. External characters and male- female genitalia characters were identified. There was no sexual dimorphism between male and female adults. P. affinialis is a new record for Turkey.
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank Dr. Michael Shaffer (The Natural History Museum, London) for valuable helps.