The Relation Between Virulence of Some Egyptian Isolates of Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynevalenol Production in Some Maize Cultivars
Abstract:
Sixteen different isolates Fusarium graminearum were isolated from various local cultivars of maize collected from different locations in Egypt. The isolates of F. graminearum were screaned for their ability to produce deoxynivalenol (DON) using solid state fermentation on rice medium. Fourteen isolates were DON producer and two isolates were DON non producer. Concentration of DON was estimated by visual comparison with known amounts of DON standard. The mean DON concentrations ranged from 22.3-375.2 μ g/g. DON producing and non producing isolates of F. graminearum were tested for their ability to cause Gibberella ear rot in two susceptible maize cultivars. Harvested maize ears were analyzed for disease severity, grain yield and DON concentration. All the tested isolates were pathogenic, more aggressive isolates produced higher DON concentration which indicate that DON can play a role as virulence factor. The high DON producing isolate of F. graminearum was inoculated to six different maiz cultivars to determine when DON was detectable after inoculation and to estimate DON concentrations in inoculated maize kernels. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in the different maize cultivars 48 h post inoculation (PI) and its accumulation peaked at 120 h and decreased after 240 h(PI). DON concentration in inoculated maize cultivars at 120 h (PI) ranged from 2.75-5.55 ( μ g/g), and differences among the cultivars were significant. Understanding when DON are synthesized in the local cultivars will help how to prevent or delay the biosynthesis of this toxin.
How to cite this article
Ilham. M. El Refai , 2003. The Relation Between Virulence of Some Egyptian Isolates of Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynevalenol Production in Some Maize Cultivars. Journal of Biological Sciences, 3: 103-111.
REFERENCES
Abbas, H.K., C.J. Mirocha and W.T. Shier, 1984. Mycotoxins produced from fungi isolated from foodstuffs and soil comparison of toxicity in fibroblasts and rat feeding tests. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 48: 654-661.
Direct Link
Bennett, G.A., D.T. Wicklow, R.W.Caldwell and E.B. Smalley, 1988. Distribution at trichothecens and zearalenone in Fusarium graminearum rotted corn ears grown in a controlled environment. J. Agric. Food Chem., 36: 639-642.
CrossRef
Desjardins, A.E. and T.M. Hohn, 1997. Mycotoxins in plant pathogenesis. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 10: 147-152.
CrossRef Direct Link
Desjardins, A.E., E.A.C. Harned and G.A. Secor, 1993. Population structure and genetic analysis of field resistance to thiabendazole in Gibberella pulicaris from potato tubers. Phytopathology, 83: 164-170.
Direct Link
Desjardins, A.E., R.H. Proctor, G. Bai, S.P. Mccormick, G. Shaner, G. Buechley and I.M. Hohn, 1996. Reduced virulence of trichotheceneBnonproducing mutant of Gibberella Zeae in wheat field tests. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 9: 775-781.
Maghraby, O.M.O.E., I.E. Kady and S. Soliman, 1995. Mycoflora and Fusarium toxins of three types of corn grains in Egypt with special reference to production of trichothecene toxins. Microbiol Res., 150: 225-232.
PubMed
Allah, E.M.F., 1998. Occurrence and toxigenicity of Fusarium moniliforme from freshly harvested maize ears with special references to fumonisin production in Egypt. Mycopathology, 140: 99-103.
Direct Link
Harris, L.J., A.E. Desjardins, R.D. Plattner, P. Nicholson and G. Butler et al., 1999. Possible role of trichothecene mycotoxins in virulence of Fusarium graminearum on maize. Plant Dis., 83: 954-960.
Direct Link
Miller, J.D. and J.C. Young, 1985. Deoxynivalenol in an experimental Fusarium graminearum infection of wheat. Can. J. Plant Pathol., 7: 132-134.
CrossRef
Miller, J.D., J.C. Young and H.L. Trenholm, 1983. Fusarium toxins in field corn I time course of fungal growth and production of deoxynivalenol and other mycotoxins. Can. J. Bot., 61: 3080-3087.
Direct Link
Mills, J.I., 1982. Development of fusaria and fusariotoxins on cereal grains in storage. Can. J. Plant Pathol., 4: 217-218.
Mirocha, C.J., W. Xie, Y. Xu, R.D.Wilcoxson, R.P. Woodward, R.H. Etebarian and G. Bebole, 1994. Production of trichothecene mycotoxin by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum on barley and wheat. Mycopathology, 128: 19-23.
PubMed
Mirocha, C.J., H.K. Abbas, C.E. Windels and W. Xie, 1989. Variation in deoxynivalenol 15-deoxynivalenol 3-acetydeoxynivalenol and zearalenone Production by Fusarium graminearum isolates. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 55: 1315-1316.
Direct Link
Mirocha, C.J., Y. Hui, C.K. Evans, E.K. Kolaczkowski and R.D. Macky, 1997. Chemistry and physiology of deoxynivalenol in pathogenesis. Cereal Res. Commun., 25: 309-313.
Nelson, P.E., T.A. Toussoun and W.F.O. Marasas, 1983. Fusarium Species an Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, Pennsylvania, UK
Parry, D.W., P. Jenkinson and L. Mclead, 1995. Fusarium ear blight (scab) in small grain cereals: A review. Plant Pathol., 44: 207-238.
CrossRef Direct Link
Proctor, R.H., T.M. Hohn and S.P. McCormick, 1995. Reduced virulence of Gibberella zeae caused by disruption of trichothecene toxin biosynthetic gene. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 8: 593-601.
PubMed
Reid, L.M. and R.C. Sinha, 1998. Maize maturity and the development of gibberella ear rot symptoms and deoxynivalenol after inoculation. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 104: 147-154.
CrossRef
Reid, L.M., R.I. Hamilton and D.E. Mather, 1996. Screening Maize for Resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot. Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, pp: 1-40
Reid, L.M., D.E. Mather, R.I. Hamilton and A.I. Bolton, 1992. Genotypic differences in the resistance of maize silk to Fusarium graminearum. Can. J. Plant Pathol., 14: 211-214.
CrossRef Direct Link
Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran, 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th Edn., Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, USA, ISBN-13: 978-0813815619, Pages: 524
Direct Link
Truckess, M., S. Neisheim and R. Eppley, 1984. Thin layer chromatographic determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat and corn. J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chem., 67: 40-43.
PubMed
Vesonder, R.F. and P. Golinski, 1989. Fusarium Mycotoxins Taxonomy and Pathogenicity. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp: 1-39
Wilcoxson, R.D., T. Kommedahl, E.A. Ozmon and C.E. Windels, 1988. Occurrence of Fusarium species in scabby wheat from Minnesota and their pathogenicity to wheat. Phytopathology, 78: 586-589.
© Science Alert. All Rights Reserved