Abstract: After the reformation of China, Chinese construction industry has an accelerated improvement. However, what should pay attention is that illegal operations still frequently happen, and quality and safety accidents are main problems the contractors have to face. As a consequence, it is very important to pay attention to a lot of factors such as technology, skills of the labors and so on. While in this paper, the improvement of the duties and obligations of project participants were raised. Since the participants of construction projects play important roles in the successful achievement of project objectives, the research on this field has important values. This paper concludes the development of Chinese construction industry and construction project management after the foundation of the P.R China. With a typical case study, this paper propose a comprehensive understanding of current status and features of Chinese typical construction project organizational structure and its main problems that influence the smooth and successful of project progress. By studying the duties and responsibilities of project participants, this paper gives 6 key aspects for construction project management improvement.