Abstract: After the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), eutrophication has become the major problem of aquatic ecosystem degradation. In this study, a Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation (GA-BP) model is developed for eutrophication evaluation in backwater area of Daning River, considering environmental evaluation factors including Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (Chla), secchi Disk Depth (SD) and potassium permanganate index (CODMn). The results evaluated by GA-BP model method are closely proximity to the results of comprehensive Trophic Level Index (TLI) method. These imply that the GA-BP model can precisely evaluate the water eutrophication due to the globe optimum, good convergence and fitness.