The Domestic Livestock Resources of Turkey: Populations, Production and Pathology of Ducks and Geese
Abstract:
Turkey is home to a broad range of domestic livestock species that includes ruminant and monogastric quadrupeds and at least eight species of poultry. Ducks and geese are minor species of poultry in terms of numbers but are spread over most of the country (with concentrations of geese in the northeast) and are owned mainly by resource-poor smallholder farm families to whom they contribute animal protein and thus improve welfare. Government recognizes only one indigenous breed of each species but there are various colour morphs of both ducks and geese and these show differences in egg weights and growth traits. Some exotic Pekin ducks were imported in 1984 and Muscovy ducks at an unknown time. There were attempts to modify the genome of local geese with imports of Romanola eggs in 1988 and French White eggs in 1992. There has been limited research on disease in the two species. Most production is for home consumption so there is little internal market activity but there have been sporadic exports and exports of duck meat and goose foie gras. Government has a policy statement on duck and goose production but does not support or promote any conservation activities. There are both technical and administrative challenges to improved and increased production of ducks and geese but opportunities exist for enterprise diversification, for new entrants to species that are less costly to keep and produce than many other domestic species and for processing and producing value-added products.
How to cite this article
R. Trevor Wilson and Orhan Yilmaz, 2013. The Domestic Livestock Resources of Turkey: Populations, Production and Pathology of Ducks and Geese. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12: 553-560.
REFERENCES
Akpinar, E. and E. Saatci, 2006. Avian influenza in Turkey-will it influence health in all Europe? Croat. Med. J., 47: 7-15.
Aral, Y. and E. Aydin, 2007. The economic importance of goose breeding and an assessment of possible goose products in Turkey. Vet. Hekimler Dernegi Dergisi, 78: 31-38.
Arat, S., 2011. In vitro conservation and preliminary molecular identification of some turkish domestic animal genetic resources-I (Turkhaygen-I). Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey. http://www.turkhaygen.gov.tr/doc/abstract.pdf.
Arslan, C. and M. Saatci, 2003. Bulky feeds in the intensive fattening of goslings. I. Effects of grass, alfalfa and sugar beet pulp on growth, slaughter performance and some blood parameters in geese. Revue Med. Vet., 154: 633-638.
Direct Link
Arslan, C. and M. Saatci, 2003. Egg yield and hatching characteristics of geese raised in Kars Region. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 27: 1361-1365.
Arslan, C. and T. Tufan, 2011. Fattening performance, slaughter traits and some blood parameters of native Turkish geese feeding by semi-intensive condition. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 17: 487-491.
Direct Link
Beytut, E., K. Ozcan and S. Erginsoy, 2004. Immunohistochemical detection of fungal elements in the tissues of goslings with pulmonary and systemic aspergillosis. Acta Vet. Hungarica, 52: 71-84.
CrossRef Direct Link
Buckland, R. and G. Guy, 2002. Goose Production. FAO, Rome, Italy, Pages: 154
Celik, B. and Z. Bozkurt, 2009. Slaughter and carcass traits of native geese reared in mus province. Lucrari Stiintifice Zootehnie Biotehnologii, 42: 423-428.
Direct Link
Demir, P., Z. Erisir, O. Poyraz, E.E. Onbasilar and E. Erdem, 2010. Cost-benefit analyses of pekin duck fattening according to various housing systems and slaughter age. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 16: 493-496.
Direct Link
EU, 2012. Avian influenza in Turkey: EU takes further import measures. European Union, New York, USA., 14 December 2012.
FAO, 2012. FAO Statistical Year Book 2012. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome
GDAR, 2004. Turkey country report on farm animal genetic resources. General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara.
Isguzar, E., 2005. Some egg and hatching traits of local ducks, Turkish Pekins and Muscovy ducks in Isparta/Turkey. Arch. Tierz Dummerstorf, 48: 94-100.
Isguzar, E. and H. Pingel, 2003. Growth, carcass composition and nutrient content of meat of different local geese in Isparta region of Turkey. Arch. Fur Tierzucht, 46: 71-76.
Direct Link
Isguzar, E. and A. Testik, 1999. An investigation on local genotypes of waterfowl in Isparta province of Turkey. Proceedings of the 12th European Symposium on Waterfowl, October 18-20, 1999, Adana, Turkey, pp: 51-56.
Isguzar, E., C. Kocak and H. Pingel, 2002. Growth, carcass traits and meat quality of different local ducks and Turkish Pekins. Arch. Tierz Dummerstorf, 45: 413-418.
Direct Link
Karaca, O., H. Okut and T. Altin, 1996. The estimation on some parameters of Pekin ducks's egg productions. I. National Congress of Zootecny, Ankara, Turkey.
Karaman, M. and A. Testik, 1995. The study of effects on hatching and growth performances of Pekin ducks's different weight eggs. Proceedings of the International Congress of Poultry Husbandry, (ICPH'95), Istanbul, pp: 485-492.
Kaya, I., B. Karademir and O. Ucar, 2004. The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality in laying geese. Vet. Med. (Czech Republic), 49: 201-206.
Kececi, T. and R. Col, 2011. Haematological and biochemical values of the blood of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) of different ages. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 35: 149-156.
Direct Link
Kirmizibayrak, T., K. Onak and K. Yazici, 2011. Effects of age and sex on slaughtering and carcass characteristics of Turkish native geese reared in free range production conditions in Kars Province. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 17: 41-45.
Kocak, C. and S. Yalcin, 1993. Duck Raising. Ege University Press, Izmir, Turkey
Marasli, N., S. Marasli, A. Ozcan, N. Utlu, N. Acar and D. Celikler, 1996. Biochemical studies on geese fed with barley and goose rearing feed. I. The effects of feeding with barley and geese rearing feed on the relationship live weight gain and serum lipid levels. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 2: 65-68.
McLeod, A., 2007. Social impacts of structural change in the poultry sector. Proceedings of the Conference on Poultry in the 21st Century, November 5-7, 2007, Bangkok, Thailand -.
Oguz, H. and S.S. Parlat, 2004. Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on performance of Japanese quail affected by aflatoxicosis. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 34: 144-148.
Direct Link
Ozcan, K., E. Beytut, F. Aydin and M. Tuzcu, 2001. Tuberculosis in geese (Anser anser) in Turkey. Avian Dis., 45: 475-479.
PubMed
Ozcan, K., H. Ozen and M. Karaman, 2007. Nitrosative tissue damage and apoptotic cell death in kidneys and livers of naturally ethylene glycol (antifreeze)-poisoned geese. Avian Pathol., 36: 325-329.
CrossRef Direct Link
Saatci, M., T. Kirmizibayrak, A.R. Aksoy and M. Tilki, 2005. Egg weight, shape index and hatching weight and interrelationships among these traits in native turkish geese with different coloured feathers. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 29: 353-357.
Direct Link
Saatc, M. and M. Tilki, 2007. Zoometrical body measurements and their relation with liveweight in native Turkish geese. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 31: 47-53.
Saatci, M., 2008. Effects of age, sex, feather colour, body measurements and body weight on down and feather yield in native Turkish geese. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 32: 293-297.
Saatci, M., M. Tilki, I. Kaya and T. Kirmizibayrak, 2009. Effects of fattening length, feather colour and sex on some traits in native Turkish geese. II. Carcass traits. Arch. Fur Geflugelkunde, 73: 61-66.
Direct Link
Sahin, T., M. Tilki, I. Kaya, Y. Unal and D. Aksu-Elmali, 2008. Effect of different protein levels for finishing period on fattening performance and carcass traits in native Turkish geese. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7: 1364-1369.
Direct Link
Saghy, I.E., 1994. Mission report of geese pathologist to Turkey. Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Sakarya, E., Y. Aral and E. Aydn, 2008. The significance of the Southeastern Anatolian project and livestock in the development of Southeastern Anatolia Region. Vet. Hekimleri Dernegi Dergisi, 79: 35-42.
Selcuk, E. and I. Akyurt, 1986. Duck Husbandry. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Press, Ankara, Turkey
Selcuk, E., I. Akyurt and C. Geliyi, 1983. Goose Husbandry. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Press, Ankara, Turkey
Testik, A., 1995. The situation of ducks and geese production in Turkey. Proceedings of the 10th European Symposium on Waterfowl, March 26-31, 1995, Halle, Germany, pp: 43-45.
Testik, A., 1997. Traditional goose production system in the East Anatolian Region (Kars Area) of Turkey. Proceedings of the 11th European Symposium on Waterfowl, September 8-10, 1997, Nantes, France, pp: 519-522.
Testik, A. and M. Karaca, 1991. An investigation on the egg quality traits of Pekin ducks. Proceedings of the International Congress of Poultry Husbandry, (ICPH'91), Istanbul, pp: 85-91.
Testik, A., E. Peke and M. Sarica, 1988. An investigation on growth performance of Pekin duck. J. Fac. Agric. Cukurova Univ., 3: 14-22.
Tilki, M. and S. Inal, 2004. Yield traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey. I. Hatching traits. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 28: 149-155.
Direct Link
Tilki, M. and S. Inal, 2004. Yield traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey. II. Growth traits. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 28: 157-163.
Tilki, M. and S.I. Inal, 2004. Yield traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey III. Slaughter and carcass traits. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 28: 165-171.
Tilki, M., M. Saatci, T. Kirmizibayrak and A.R. Aksoy, 2005. Effect of age on growth and carcass composition of native Turkish geese. Arch. Fur Geflugelkunde, 69: 77-83.
Direct Link
Tilki, M., T. Sahin, M. Sari, S. Isik and M. Saatci, 2009. Effect of age and sex on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of native Turkish geese. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 15: 245-250.
Tilki, M., B. Gul, M. Sari, K. Onk and S. Isik, 2011. Growth, slaughter and carcass traits of native Turkish geese reared under the countryside conditions. Ataturk Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 6: 209-215.
Tilki, M., K. Yazici, M. Sari, S. Isik and M. Saatci, 2011. Effects of hatching month and sex on slaughter and carcass traits in native Turkish geese. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 17: 831-835.
Turhan, S. and F.T. Saricaoglu, 2011. The importance and niche of goose meat in Samsun culinary culture. Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi Samsun Sempozyumu, Samsun, Turkey, October 2011.
Turkoglu, M., 1993. The investigation on improving of hatching performance of Pekin ducks in Turkey. Faculty of Agriculture, Publication No. 1288, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Turkutanit, S.S., 1999. Pulmonary aspergillosis in geese. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 23: 49-52.
Yalcin, C., 2006. Market impacts of HPAI outbreaks: A rapid appraisal process-Turkey. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Market and Trade Dimensions of Avian Influenza, November 14, 2006, Rome, Italy -.
Yakan, A., D.A. Elmali, M. Elmali, T. Sahin, S. Motor and Y. Can, 2012. Carcass and meat quality characteristics of white and multicolor geese under local breeder conditions. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fakultesi Dergisi, 18: 663-670.
Direct Link
Yilmaz, O. and R.T. Wilson, 2012. The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: Economic and social role, species and breeds, conservation measures and policy issues. Livestock Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 24.
Yilmaz, O., T. Savas, M. Ertugrul and R.T. Wilson, 2013. The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: Inventory of pigeon groups and breeds with notes on breeder organizations. World's Poult. Sci. J., 69: 265-278.
CrossRef Direct Link
© Science Alert. All Rights Reserved