HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

International Journal of Poultry Science

Year: 2013 | Volume: 12 | Issue: 9 | Page No.: 505-508
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2013.505.508
Effects of Bac-D on Total Aerobic Bacteria Naturally Found on Broiler Breeder Eggs
Z.S. Lowman and C.R. Parkhurst

Abstract: Hatchery sanitation is of the utmost importance in the poultry industry and may have drastic economic effects within a company. It has been shown that eggs with increased total aerobic bacterial counts may cause a decrease in hatchability, performance and growth, as well as a decrease in overall chick quality. Several methods have been utilized to decrease bacterial load on the exterior surface of the egg such as the use of: hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, antibiotics and UV light exposure. Many disinfectants may effectively sanitize the egg; however, they have detrimental effects on the developing embryo due to the removal of the cuticle, allowing increased moisture loss from the egg. Benzalkonium chloride has been effectively used as a first aid antiseptic for humans. Bac-D, a novel disinfectant with benzalkonium chloride utilized as the active ingredient. Bac-D is a safe, potential substitute to harsh chemicals. In this trial, eggs were sprayed with the same volume of either Bac-D or water. Eggs were sampled at 3 different time points after spray (0, 1.5, or 3 h). At the culmination of each time point, a portion of the eggs was inoculated with an endogenous bacterial inoculum. Eggs were placed in a bag with 1% PBS and the rinsate was promptly plated on TSA (Tryptic Soy Agar). There were significant decreases (p<0.0001) in the log CFU/mL numbers at each time point (0, 1.5, 3 h). These results reveal the potential sanitizing effects of Bac-D on total aerobic bacterial counts on eggs.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
Z.S. Lowman and C.R. Parkhurst, 2013. Effects of Bac-D on Total Aerobic Bacteria Naturally Found on Broiler Breeder Eggs. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12: 505-508.

Keywords: Eggs, egg wash, disinfectant, total aerobic bacteria and Bac-D

REFERENCES

  • Adler, H.E., A.J. DaMassa and W.F. Scott, 1979. Studies on egg disinfection. Poult. Sci., 58: 799-806.
    CrossRef    


  • Aygun, A. and D. Sert, 2012. Effects of ultrasonic treatment on eggshell microbial activity, hatchability, tibia mineral content and chick performance in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) eggs. Poult. Sci., 91: 732-738.
    CrossRef    PubMed    


  • Aygun, A., D. Sert and G. Copur, 2012. Effects of propolis on eggshell microbial activity, hatchability and chick performance in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) eggs. Poult. Sci., 91: 1018-1025.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Brake, J. and B.W. Sheldon, 1989. Effect of a quaternary ammonium sanitizer for hatching eggs on their contamination, permeability, water loss and hatchability. Poult. Sci., 69: 517-525.
    CrossRef    PubMed    


  • Coufal, C.D., C. Chavez, K.D. Knape and J.B. Carey, 2003. Evaluation of a method of ultraviolet light sanitation of broiler hatching eggs. Poult. Sci., 82: 754-759.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Dyer, D.L., K.B. Gerenratch and P.S. Wadhams, 1998. Testing a new alcohol-free hand sanitizer to combat infection. AORN J., 68: 239-251.
    CrossRef    


  • Fasenko, G.M., E.E.O.D. Christopher and L.M. McMullen, 2009. Spraying hatching eggs with electrolyzed oxidizing water reduces eggshell microbial load without compromising broiler production parameters. Poult. Sci., 88: 1121-1127.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Fazlara, A. and M. Ekhtelat, 2012. The disinfectant effects of benzalkonium chloride on some important foodborne pathogens. Am. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 12: 23-29.
    Direct Link    


  • Funk, E.M., J. Forward and M. Lorah, 1954. Minimizing spoilage in shell eggs by thermostabilization. Poult. Sci., 33: 532-538.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Gradel, K.O., L. Randall, A.R. Sayers and R.H. Davies, 2005. Possible associations between Salmonella persistence in poultry houses and resistance to commonly used disinfectants and a putative role of mar. Vet. Microbiol., 107: 127-138.
    CrossRef    


  • Gerald, L.B., J.K. Gerald, L.A. McClure, K. Harrington, S. Erwin and W.C. Bailey, 2011. Redesigning a large school-based clinical trial in response to changes in community practice. Clin. Trials, 8: 311-319.
    CrossRef    PubMed    


  • Houari, A. and P. Di Martino, 2007. Effect of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride on bacterial biofilm formation. Lett. Applied Microbiol., 45: 652-656.
    CrossRef    PubMed    


  • Klimek, J.W. and J.H. Bailey, 1955. Factors influencing the rate of killing of Escherichia coli exposed to benzalkonium chloride. Applied Microbiol., 4: 53-59.
    Direct Link    


  • Kuda, T., T. Yano and M.T. Kuda, 2007. Resistances to benzalkonium chloride of bacteria dried with food elements on stainless steel surface. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 4: 988-993.
    CrossRef    


  • Lorenz, F.W., P.B. Starr and R. Bouthilet, 1950. Fumigation of shell eggs with ethylene oxide. Poult. Sci., 29: 545-547.
    CrossRef    


  • Miller, W.A., 1956. The effect of coating the shells of washed eggs, that formerly were dirty, with antibiotics, upon subsequent spoilage. Poult. Sci., 35: 241-243.
    CrossRef    


  • Peebles, E.D. and J. Brake, 1986. The role of the cuticle in water vapor conductance by the eggshell of broiler breeders. Poult. Sci., 65: 1034-1039.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Paganelli, C.V., A. Olszowka and A. Ar, 1974. The avian egg: Surface area, volume and density. Condor, 76: 319-325.
    Direct Link    


  • Romanova, N.A., P.V. Gawande, L.Y. Brovko and M.W. Griffiths, 2007. Rapid methods to assess sanitizing efficacy of benzalkonium chloride to Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. J. Microbiol. Methods, 71: 231-237.
    CrossRef    


  • Sheldon, B.W. and J. Brake, 1991. Hydrogen peroxide as an alternative hatching egg disinfectant. Poult. Sci., 70: 1092-1098.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Velazquez, L.D.C., N.B. Barbini, M.E. Escudero, C.L. Estrada and A.M.S. de Guzman, 2009. Evaluation of chlorine, benzalkonium chloride and lactic acid as sanitizers for reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Yersinia enterocolitica on fresh vegetables. Food Control., 20: 262-268.
    CrossRef    


  • Whistler, P.E. and B.W. Sheldon, 1988. Bactericidal activity, eggshell conductance and hatchability effects of ozone versus formaldehyde disinfection. Poult. Sci., 68: 1074-1077.
    CrossRef    PubMed    

  • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved