Apparent Ileal Amino Acids Digestibility of Four Varieties of Barley for Two Strains of Chickens
Abstract:
The main objective of this study was to assess the nutritional value of four varieties of barley (Beecher, Jimah 54, Jimah 51 and Jimah 58) using commercial broiler and local poultry strains. Four experimental diets were formulated, representing four different varieties of barley and were evaluated using six replicates of eight birds per cage at 21 day of age. Cages were located in an environmentally controlled room maintained under conditions suitable for birds at this age with a photo-period of 23 h in every 24 h. Diets and water were offered on ad libitum basis. On the fourth day after the adaptation to the experimental diets, feed troughs were removed from every cage for 1 h and then reintroduced for 2 h. Then the birds were killed to allow for sampling of ileal digesta, from Meckels diverticulum to the ileal-caecal-colonic injunction. Broiler birds showed significantly (p<0.001) higher digestibility coefficients and digestible content of amino acids across all the barley varieties than the local birds. Out of the four barley varieties evaluated in this study, Beecher variety had the lowest amino acids digestibility coefficient and digestible content for the two bird breeds (p<0.001). The digestibility coefficient and digestible content of amino acids estimates for Jimah 54 was the highest across the two strains (p<0.001). The variability in digestibility and digestible content in barley varieties can be attributed to the high fiber levels and the presence of beta-glucan. The results suggest that the class of chickens and variety significantly influenced the apparent ileal digestibility and digestible contents of amino acids in the nutrient assessed in this study.
How to cite this article
W. Al- Marzooqi, I. T. Kadim, O. Mahgoub, M. Al- Busaidi, S. M. Al-Lawati, R. Al- Maqbaly, S. Al- Wheebi and A. N. Al-Bakery, 2010. Apparent Ileal Amino Acids Digestibility of Four Varieties of Barley for Two Strains of Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 9: 527-532.
REFERENCES
Al-Lawati, A.H. and K.S. Nadaf, 2001. Focus on seed programs: The seed industry in oman. Report of Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Rumais, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, pp: 1-10.
Al-Marzooqi, W. and J. Wiseman, 2009. Effect of extrusion under controlled temperature and moisture conditions on ileal apparent amino acid and starch digestibility in peas determined with young broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 153: 113-130.
CrossRef Direct Link
Almirall, M., M. Francesch, A.M. Pereze-Vendrell, J. Brufau and E. Esteve-Garcia, 1995. The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and β-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks. J. Nutr., 125: 947-955.
PubMed Direct Link
Angkanaporn, K., V. Ravindran and W.L. Bryden, 1996. Additivity of apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities in soybean meal, sunflower meal and meat and bone meal for broilers. Poult. Sci., 75: 1098-1103.
PubMed
AOAC., 2000. Official Method of Analysis. 17th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., USA
Campbell, G.L., B.G. Rossnagel, H.L. Classen and P.A. Thacker, 1989. Genotypic and enviromental differences in extract viscosity of barely and their relationship to its nutritive value for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 26: 221-230.
Direct Link
Farrell, D.J., 2005. Matching poultry production with available feed resources: Issues and constraints. Worlds Poult. Sci. J., 61: 298-307.
CrossRef
Fernandez, R.S., Y. Zhang and C.M. Parsons, 1995. Dietary formulation with cottonseed meal on a total amino acid versus a digestible amino acid basis. Poult. Sci., 74: 1168-1179.
PubMed Direct Link
Green, S., S.L. Bertrand, M.J.C. Duron and R. Maillard, 1987. Digestibilities of amino acids in maize, wheat and barley meals, determined with intact and caecectomised cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci., 28: 631-641.
PubMed
Green, S. and T. Kiener, 1989. Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry. Anim. Prod., 48: 157-179.
Huang, K.H., V. Ravindran, X. Li and W.L. Bryden, 2005. Influence of age on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 46: 236-245.
PubMed
Jackson, S. and J. Diamond, 1995. Metabolic and digestive responses to artificial selection in chickens. Evolution, 50: 1638-1650.
CrossRef Direct Link
Jorgensen, H., P. Sorensen and B.O. Eggum, 1990. Protein and energy metabolism in broiler chickens selected for either body weight gain or feed efficiency. Br. Poult. Sci., 31: 517-524.
CrossRef Direct Link
Kadim, I.T., P.J. Moughan and V. Ravindran, 2002. Ileal amino acid digestibility assay for the growing meat chicken comparison of ileal and excreta amino acid digestibility in the chicken. Br. Poult. Sci., 43: 588-597.
Direct Link
Leenstra, F.A. and R. Pit, 1988. Consequences of Selection for Feed Conversion in Broiler Chicks. In: Advances in Animal Breeding, Korver, S., H.A.M. van der Steen and J.A.M. van Arendonk (Eds.). Pudoc Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp: 160-161
McCleary, B.V. and R. Codd, 1991. Measurement of (1-3)(1-4)-beta-D-glucan in barley and oats: A stremlined enzymatic procedure. J. Sci. Food Agric., 55: 303-312.
CrossRef
Mitchell, M.A. and M.W. Smith, 1991. The effects of genetic selection for increased growth on mucosal and muscle weights in the different regions of the small intestine of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 99: 251-258.
Direct Link
NRC, 1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA
Nir, I., Z. Nitsan and M. Mahagna, 1993. Comparative growth and development of the digestive organs and of some enzymes in broiler and egg type chicks after hatching. Br. Poult. Sci., 34: 523-532.
PubMed
Parsons, C.M., 1991. Amino Acid Digestibility for Poultry: Feedstuff Evaluation and Requirements. Nutrition Quest Inc., Chesterfield, MO, USA
Parsons, C.M., F. Castanon and Y. Han, 1997. Protein and amino acid quality of meat and bone meal. Poult. Sci., 76: 361-368.
PubMed
Raharjo, Y. and D.J. Farrell, 1984. A new biological method for determining amino acid digestibility in poultry feedstuffs using a simple cannula and the influence of dietary fibre on endogenous amino acid output. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 12: 29-45.
Direct Link
Ravindran, V., L.I. Hew, G. Ravindran and W.L. Bryden, 1999. A comparison of ileal digesta and excreta analysis for the determination of amino acid digestibility in food ingredients for poultry Br. Poult. Sci., 40: 266-274.
CrossRef
Ravindran, V., L.I. Hew, G. Ravindran and W.L. Bryden, 2005. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broiler chickens. Anim. Sci., 81: 85-97.
Rostagno, H.S., J.M.R. Pupa and M. Pack, 1995. Diet formulation for broilers based on total versus digestible amino acids. J. Applied Poult. Res., 4: 293-299.
CrossRef Direct Link
Saki, A., T. Ranjbari, M.M. Tabatabaei, A. Ahmadi, F. Aflaki, M. Rabani, M. Abbasinezhad and H. Mahmoudi, 2009. Composition of metabolic energy value and amino acid digestibility of wheat, wheat screening and barley between ileum and faces of broiler chicken. J. Poult. Sci., 46: 188-192.
SAS Institute, 2001. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) User's Guide. SAS Institute Inc., North Carolina, USA.
Sauer, W.C., J.J. Kennelly, F.X. Aherne and R.M. Cichon, 1981. Availabilities of amino acids in barley and wheat for growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 61: 793-793.
Short, F.J., J. Wiseman and K.N. Boorman, 1999. Application of a method to determine ileal digestibility in broilers of amino acids in wheat. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 79: 195-209.
CrossRef Direct Link
Sorensen, P., A. Chwalibog and B.O. Eggum, 1983. Protein and energy metabolism in two lines of chickens selected for growth on high or low protein diets. Br. Poult. Sci., 24: 237-250.
Taherkhani, R., M. Shivazad, M. Zaghari and A.Z. Shahneh, 2008. Comparison of different ideal amino acid ratios in male and female broiler chickens of to days of age. J. Poult. Sci., 45: 15-19.
Uni, Z., Y. Noy and D. Sklan, 1995. Posthatch changes in morphology and function of the small intestines in heavy- and light-strain chicks. Poult. Sci., 74: 1622-1629.
CrossRef PubMed Direct Link
White, W.B., H.R. Bird, M.L. Sunde, N. Prentice, W.C. Burger and J.A. Marlett, 1981. The viscosity interaction of barley β-gucan with trichoderma viride cellulose in the chick intestine. Poult. Sci., 62: 853-862.
© Science Alert. All Rights Reserved