Abstract: This special issue is published in International Journal of Pharmacology (Vol. 13, Issue 7) with twenty peer-reviewed articles on recent advances and novel strategies for the development of biomedical therapeutics, immunomodulatory agents, delivery of drugs, and vaccines for safeguarding various health issues. The topics/themes covered include: Advances and progress in developing vaccines to counter the threats of Zika virus; Quinazolinone derivatives as a potential class of compounds in Malaria drug discovery; Innovations in the treatment options towards drug-resistant tuberculosis; The role of antioxidants in designing effective drugs for life threatening ailments; Promising anti-diabetic drugs, medicines and herbs; Medicinal values and beneficial applications of Psyllium husk (Plantago ovata), Green tea (Camellia sinensis); Medicinal applications of Stevia rebaudiana, a potential zero calorie sweetener, steviol glycosides; Anticancer and nutraceutical potentialities of phytase/phytate; Cell penetrating peptides as therapeutic vehicles and their use as anti-cancer peptide; Biomedical applications of pentatricopeptide repeat directed RNA editing with regards to diseases, cancers, and drugs; Next-generation sequencing for drug designing and cancer treatment; Progress towards various approaches from drug discovery to drug targeting; Advantages of selective drug distribution in cancer treatment with special reference to Brentuximab vedotin; G-protein coupled receptors in revolutionizing drug discovery and pharma based research; Bio-inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles to combat antimicrobial resistance and other pharmacological potentialities; Usage of biomaterials-based hydrogels in biomedical sectors and drug delivery potentialities; Biomedical applications and utilization of diverse nanomaterials; Role of nanotechnology in animal and poultry nutrition; Applications of chromium in poultry nutrition and health, and the toxic effects. The articles published would be useful for medical and veterinary professionals, clinicians, researchers, students/scholars, animal producers, the pharmaceutical industry and biomedicine experts.