HOME JOURNALS CONTACT

Biotechnology

Year: 2005 | Volume: 4 | Issue: 4 | Page No.: 275-278
DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2005.275.278
Screening of Aspergillus for Citric Acid Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Parveen Jamal, Md. Zahangir Alam, M. Ramlan, M. Salleh and Masrina M. Nadzir

Abstract: In this study, screening of potential microbes, especially Aspergillus, for citric acid production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is carried out to improve the product yield. The fermentation of the raw material POME for the production of citric acid was conducted by the liquid state fermentation process. A total of ten strains of Aspergillus were selected for the screening test of which six strains were isolated from Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge (STP Sludge), purified and identified up to genus level and four strains of Aspergillus were from lab stock. All strains were screened under controlled fermentation conditions such as pH range of 2-3, temperature 30°C and agitation 150 rpm, using 1% (w/w) of substrate (POME), 2% (w/w) co-substrate (wheat flour) with inoculum size of 2% (106 spore mL -1 ). These strains were examined in terms of maximum citric acid production, biosolid production (TSS%) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. The strain Aspergillus (A103) produced the highest concentration of citric acid (0.28 g L -1 ), TSS (12.7 g L -1 ) and COD removal (72%) followed by A1020, A-SS106 and others on 2-4 days of fermentation.

Fulltext PDF

How to cite this article
Parveen Jamal, Md. Zahangir Alam, M. Ramlan, M. Salleh and Masrina M. Nadzir, 2005. Screening of Aspergillus for Citric Acid Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Biotechnology, 4: 275-278.

Keywords: liquid state fermentation, potential microbes, COD, Biosolids and fermentation

REFERENCES

  • Grewal, H.S. and K.L. Kalra, 1995. Fungal production of citric acid. Biotechnol. Adv., 13: 209-234.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Legi�a, M. and M. Gradi�nik-Grapulin, 1995. Sudden substrate dilution induces a higher rate of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 61: 2732-2737.


  • Jianlong, W. and L. Ping, 1965. Comparison of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger immobilized in gels and cryogels of polyacrylamide. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16: 351-353.


  • Singh, S.P., U.N. Verma, H.K.K. Kishor and G. Samdani, 1998. Effect of concentration of medium constituents on citric acid production by submerged fermentation. Orient J. Chem., 14: 133-135.
    Direct Link    


  • Haq, I., S. Khurshid, S. Ali, H. Ashraf, M.A. Qadeer and I. Rajoka, 2001. M.I. Mutation of Aspergillus niger strain for enhanced citric acid production by black-strap molasses. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 17: 35-37.


  • Ali, S., Ikram-ul-Haq, M.A. Qadeer and J. Iqbal, 2002. Production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using cane molasses in a stirred fermentor. Electron. J. Biotechnol., 5: 114-125.
    Direct Link    


  • Ikram-Ul-Haq, S. Ali and J. Iqbal, 2003. Direct production of citric acid from raw starch by Aspergillus niger. Process Biochem., 38: 921-924.


  • Alben, E. and O. Erkmen, 2004. Production of citric acid from a new substrate, undersized semolina, by Aspergillus niger. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 42: 19-22.


  • Ahmad, A.L., S. Ismail and S. Bhatia, 2003. Water recycling from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) using membrane technology. Desalination, 157: 87-95.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Oswal, N., P.M. Sarma, S.S. Zinjarde and A. Pant, 2002. Palm oil mill effluent treatment by a tropical marine yeast. Bioresour. Technol., 85: 35-37.
    CrossRef    PubMed    Direct Link    


  • Alam, M.Z., A. Fakhru`l-Razi and A.H. Molla, 2003. Optimization of liquid state bioconversion process for microbial treatment of domestic wastewater sludge. J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 2: 299-306.


  • Marrier, J.R. and M. Boulet, 1958. Direct determination of citric acid in milk with an improved pyridine-acetic anhydride method. J. Dairy Sci., 41: 1683-1692.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Miller, G.L., 1959. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem., 31: 426-428.
    CrossRef    Direct Link    


  • Rohr, M., P.J. Stadler, W.O. Salzbrunn and C.P. Kubicek, 1979. An improved method for characterization of citrate production by conidia of Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol. Lett., 1: 281-286.


  • Qazi, G.N., C.N. Gaind, S.K. Chaturvedi, C.L. Chopra, M. Trager and U. Onken, 1990. Pilot scale citric acid production with Aspergillus niger under several conditions. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 69: 72-74.


  • Anonymous, 2004. Malaysian palm oil promotion council home page mpopc. Retrieved March 21, 2004.


  • Smith, J.E., D.R. Berry and B. Kristiansen, 1980. Fungal Biotechnology. Academic Press, London, pp: 308


  • Anonymous, 1999. Fermentation industrial Production of Organic Acid. Academic Press, London


  • Krishna, C., 1996. Microbial enzyme production utilizing banana wastes. Ph.D. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India, 1996.


  • APHA (American Public Health Association), 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington DC.

  • © Science Alert. All Rights Reserved