Asian Journal of Plant Sciences

Year: 2007 | Volume: 6 | Issue: 2 | Page No.: 225-238
DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2007.225.238

Flora of Mezra City (Birecik, Sanliurfa-Turkey)

Vagif Atamov, Mustafa Aslan and Gulsen Ayalp

Abstract: This study was aimed to identify the flora of Mezra Beldesi, Birecik, Sanlıurfa between 2003-2004. Fifty-four families, 183 genera and 290 taxa were identified. Eighty-eight taxa (30.3%) are Irano-Turanian, 44 (15.1%) Mediterranean and 6 (2.1%) Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region elements. The remaining 142 (48.9%) taxa are multi-regional and the phytogeographic region of 9 (3.1%) is unknown. The number of endemic taxa 14 (4.8%) and 44 are new floristic records for the square C7.

Keywords: Birecik, Mezra and flora

INTRODUCTION

This study was carried out to determine the flora of Mezra city in Birecik (Sanlıurfa). The vegetation of the area has been extensively destroyed by anthropogenic effects and therefore, plants can barely survive under the unsuitable agricultural conditions. Sanlıurfa is the centre of the South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) and natural habitats have been destroyed by the construction of dams and tunnels for the irrigation of plains. Therefore, the biological diversity, especially the endemic plants has been affected by this project. After the construction of dams, the populations of the rarer plants should be examined scientifically and new reports prepared for the conservation of plant species.

According to the Flora of Turkey (Davis, 1965-1985; Davis et al., 1988; Guner et al., 2000) some researchers; among them Kotschy, Sintenis, Davis and Zohary have visited and gathered plant specimens from Sanlıurfa (Baytop, 2003). At the sout-east Anatolia, some floristic investigation such as The Flora of Ziyaret Mountain in Ergani (Diyarbakır) (T. Taskın unpubl. data, 1991), The Flora of Botan Stream (Uluçay) valley in Siirt (S. Yangın unpubl. data, 2001), The Flora of Egil town in Diyarbakır (S. Gulmez unpubl. data 2003), The flora of Kasmer dagı (Sanlıurfa-Turkey) (Akan et al., 2005), The Flora of Kalecik Mauntain (Aydogdu and Akan, 2005) Flora of Karacadag (Sanlıurfa, Diyayarbakır), Ertekin (2002), Flora of Karkamıs Dam Reservoir area and its surrounding (Sanlıurfa, Gaziantep-Turkey), (Tukmen et al., 2005) have been performed recently but there has been no vegetational research to data except for a study carried out by (Zohary, 1973).

Some floristic and taxonomik studies were carried out around South-east Anatolia (Kaynak and Ketenoglu, 1980; 1986; Malyer, 1981; 1983; Kaynak, 1987; 1989a; 1989b; Adıguzel and Aytaç, 2001; Ertekin 1997; 2002; Aslan and Tukmen, 2003; 2001; Turkmen et al., 2002; Ertekin and Saya, 1997, Ertekin, 1999; 2002; Yıldırımlı, 1992; 1994; Yıldız and Aktoklu, 1996) but no regular floristic study has been performed in study area, Mazra Community. That’s why, the aim of this study was to determine the flora of Mezra (Birecik) and to determine the endemic and rarer plant species. In addition, South East Anatolia is one of the little known or unknown regions of Turkey (Davis, 1975; Donner, 1990; Çırpıcı, 1987). So, study area is included in the little known area. With these objectives, it was expected to contribute to the flora of Sanlıurfa planned to be written in future.

The study area, Mezra town, is located in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region and is situated in the C7 square and completely located within the province of Sanlıurfa. The Mezra town is located on the North West of the Sanlıurfa and it constitutes from three hills. It is very close to the Euphrates river and it is an important region to represent the floristic composition of the province. The altitude is between 350 and 600 m.

There are three hilly area and a town around the study area. Generally settlements are dense at the foot of the hilly area. The town is Mezra; the villages in and around the study area are Köpru hilly area, Dumenti hilly area and Mezra hilly area (Fig. 1).

Climate: The study area has a semiarid mediterranean climate. According to Emberger the precipitation-temperature coefficient (Q) is 42.94 (Akman, 1990). Annual mean temperature is 18.7°C. The maximum mean temperature (M) is 46.8°C, in July. The minimum mean temperature (m) is -6.8°C, in February. Annual rainfall is about 457.8 mm (Meteoroloji Bulteni, 1994) and the seasonal precipitation regime is Winter, Spring, Autumn and Summer.

This is the first variant of the East Mediterranean precipitation regime. The ombrothermic diagram shows dry and rainy period (Fig. 2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

To constitute study material, 451 plant specimens were gathered from Mezra city between 2003 and 2004 during different vegetation seasons. A collector number was given and the specimens were dried according to the standard herbarium methods. The Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Davis, 1965-1985; Davis et al., 1988) were used to identify the plant samples. The flora is listed in the appendix. The list of plants is set out according to the order in the Flora of Turkey. In the floristic list of this article, the following details are given: family name, species name and the author(s), the name of district, habitat of plant, altitude, collection date, collector number, endemism and the phytogeographic region element.

The endemic species were categorized according to IUCN Red data categories (IUCN Survival Commission, 2000; Ekim et al., 2000). These abbreviations are given below:

CR-Critically endangered; VU-Vulnerable; LC-Least concern; CR-Critically endangered; EN-Endangered; DD-Data deficient.

The area is completely within C7 grid square an Sanlıurfa province, so “C7 Sanlıurfa” has been omitted from the citations.

The following abbreviations are used in the text:

The plant samples collected from the region were kept in the herbarium of Harran University, Sanlıurfa.

Vegetation: In the study area, steppe vegetation is characterised by Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae members. Triticum, Hordeum, Aegilops, Anthemis, Achillea, Centaurea, Lathyrus, Trifolium, Trigonella and Medicago genera are dominated in the study field.

Amygdalus communis., Amygdalus lycioides var. lycioides, Rosa canina, Crataegus aronia var. aronia, Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna are some trees and shrubs that are spread at intervals.

There are some cultivated fields around the mountain, mainly pistacio, olive, grape and walnut are grown in these fields. The agriculture is based on cereal, essentially wheat and lentil. Moreover, some vegetables are grown, such as tomato, pepper, eggplant. At the same time, pistacio is produced.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This study was carried out using 451 plant specimens collected over a period of 2 years. As a result of the identification of the plant specimens, 54 families, 183 genera and 290 taxa (subs. And var. included) were determined from the area. One taxa are Gymnospermae and 289 are in the subdivision Angiospermae. Two hundred and thirty-seven taxa belong to the class Dicottyledones and fifty-two belong to the class Monocotyledones.

Eighty-eight taxa (30.3%) are Irano-Turanian, 44 (15.2%) Mediterranean, 6 (2.1%) Euro-Siberian and 1 (0.3%) Sharo-Indıan pytogeographic region element. One hundred and forty-two taxa (48.2%) are distributed in at least two pytogeographic region and although 9 taxa (3.1%) are distributed in the study area, their pytogeographic regions have not been determined. The effect of the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian pytogeographic regions are seen in the Mezra city even thought it is located in the transition zone of the Irano-Turanian and pytogeographic regions are seen in the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean pytogeographic regions (Davis, 1975; Zohary, 1973). The ratio of the Mediterranean pytogeographic region elements is the lowest in all studies, except for Mezra city in which the number of Euro-Siberian-origin taxa is the highest although it is very far from the Euro-Siberia region (Table 1). The distributions of the taxa in the pytogeographic regions are compared with the taxa in the neighbouring areas and are given in (Table 1). The effects of the Irano-Turanian pytogeographic region become less away from East Anatolia and the effects of the Mediterranean region increase, thought not in Mezra city. Palaeopalynologic data shows that Anatolia had a dense vegetation cover in the last interglacial period. In this period, some species of Mediterranean origin migrated into the prepontic part of the Mediterrian sea mountains (Toros mountains). These species in the last glacial period were shielded in the tectonic valleys and on the sloppes, exposed to the south, to protect themselves from the cool climate (Gemici, 1993) these changes are clearly seen in Mezra city.

Asteraceae is the largest family with 46 taxa in the study area. The other large families are Poaceae (34 taxa), Fabacea (31), Brassicaceae (16), Lamiaceae (16), Liliaceae (13), Apiaceae (12), Rosaceae (10) Boraginaceae (8) and Scrophulariaceae(6). In this study, Rosaceae, which is not among the largest ten familias in the Flora of Turkey, is found in the first ten because the plants with a shrub form are common in this area. Also, some families which have perrennial species grown on the rocky areas are represented by more species (Table 2).

Astragalus, Verbascum and Centaurea are larger genera in the Flora of Turkey. Astragalus is the first and Centaurea the sixth larger, genus in this study area and Verbascum is not seen in the firs ten floristic list (Appendix). There are large differences in the number of taxa between the Flora of Turkey and this study area.

APPENDIX

The florıstıc lıst of plants
SPERMATOPHYTA
GYMNOSPERMAE
EPHEDRACEAE
Ephedra campylopoda C. A. Mey.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, streamside, 28.04.2004, G. Ayalp 116
ANGIOSPERMAE
DICOTYLEDONES
RANUNCULACEAE
*Anemone coronaria L.
C7: Mezra city; E of Köpru mountain, 350 m, arable field, 28.04.2004, G. Ayalp 196, Atamov and Aslan 97, Medit el.
Adonis dentata Delile
C7: Mezra city, 450 m, Dumenti hill, stony places, 25.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 444
Adonis flammea Jacq.
C7: Mezra city, E. of Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe,
stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 60, Mezra hils, 350 m, arable field, 21.03.2004 G. Ayalp 605
Ceratocephalus falcatus (L.) Pers.
C7: Mezra city, W. of Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 13.04.2002, G. Ayalp 195
Ranunculus asiaticus L.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 450 m, stony places, 07.04.2002, G. Ayalp 610, E. of Köpru mountain, roadside, 350 m, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 147, Mezra hill, 480 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003 Atamov and Aslan 609|
Ranunculus neapolitanus Ten.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, Dumenti hill, 470 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 194,
*Ranunculus unguis-cati P.H.Davis
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hills, 480 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 137, end., LC
*Thalictrum flavum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, arable field, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 107.
BERBERIDACEAE
Bongardia chrysogonum (L.) Spach
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 370 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 47, Ir.-Tur. el.
PAPAVERACEAE
Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. and Huet. var. grandiflorum Boiss. and Huet.
C7: Mezra city, between Köpru mountain-Mezra hill, 410 m, steppe, stony places, 8.04.2003, G. Ayalp 225, Ir.-Tur. el.
Papaver clavatum Boiss and Hausskn. ex Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, roadside, 350 m, 13.04.2003, G. Ayalp 217, end., LC
Papaver rhoeas L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, arable field, 350 m, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 224
Papaver syriacum Boiss. and Blanche
C7: Mezra city; Köpru mountain, 350 m, arable field, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 218
Hypecoum pendulum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, arable field, 07.04.2002, G. Ayalp 573
Fumaria asepala Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain 250 m w., steppe, stony places, 460 m, 7.04.2003, G. Ayalp 579, 28.04.2003, Ir.-Tur. el.
BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
*Brassica nigra (L.) Koch.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 450 m, stony places, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 699
Cardamine hirsuta L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain 450 E., Dumenti hils, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 397
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 252
Capsella rubella Reut.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 239, Medit. el.
Crambe orientalis L. var. orientalis
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 450 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 644, Ir.-Tur. el.
Clypeola aspera (Grauer) Turrill
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, Dumenti hill, 400 m E., 460 m, steppe, stony places, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 260, Ir.-Tur. el.
Eruca sativa J.F. Mill.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 634
Erysimum hamosum Blanche ex Post
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2004, G. Ayalp 642, Ir.-Tur. el.
Iberis acutiloba Bertol.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 243
Hesperis rupestris Boiss. ex Noe
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 470 m, stony places, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 553, Ir.-Tur. el.
Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 470 m, steppe, stony places, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 635
Lepidium sativum L. subsp. sativum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain 250 m E., Dumenti hill, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2004, G. Ayalp 537
Lepidium sativum L. subsp. spinescens (DC.) Thell.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 480 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2004, G. Ayalp 538
Rorippa amphibia (L.) Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, steppe, stony places, 460 m, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 397
Sinapis alba L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 350 m, arable field, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 398
Sinapis arvensis L.
C7: Mezra city; Köpru mountain, 480 m, steppe, stony places, 8.04.2003, G. Ayalp 633
RESEDACEAE
Reseda lutea L. var. lutea
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 554
CAPPARACEAE
Capparis ovata Desf.var. palaestina Zohary
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, roadside, 350 m, 30.05.2004 Atamov and Aslan 129
CISTACEAE
Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 452
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Cerastium haussknechtii Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 401 Ir.-Tur. el., end., DD
Dianthus pallens Sibth. and Sm var. oxylepis Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, steppe, stony places, 460 m, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 639
Gypsophila antari Post and Beaurverd
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hills, 450 m, steppe, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 485, Sah.-Arab. el., VU
Gypsophila venusta Fenzl
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, stony places, 13.04.2003, G. Ayalp 119, Ir.-Tur. el.
*Loeflingia hispanica L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 13.04.2003, G. Ayalp 234, Medit el., DD
Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. subsp. hybrida
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2003, G. Ayalp 343
Scleranthus annuus L. subsp. polycarpos (L.)Theel
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 344
Silene crassipes Fenzl
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, arable field, 350 m, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 199
Silene longipetala Vent.
C 7 Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, arable field, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 200, Ir.-Tur. el.
Vaccaria pyramidata Medik. var. oxyodanta (Boiss.) Zohary
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, arable field, 350 m, 11.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 342, Ir.-Tur. el.
ILLECEBRACEAE
*Paronychia imbricata Boiss.and Hausskn.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 482, end.
POLYGONACEAE
Rumex sanguineus L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, arable field, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 503
CHENOPODIACEA
*Camphorosma monspeliaca L. subsp. lessingii (Litw.) Aellen
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hills, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 306
Chenopodium album L. subsp. album var. album
C7:Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, arable field, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 407
*Nonea mucronata (Forssk.) Aschers. and Schweinf subsp. mucronata
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 481
TAMARICACEAE
Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, stream side, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 631
HYPERICACEAE (GUTTIFERAE)
Hypericum cardiophyllum Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 420 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 413, VU
Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, roadside., 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 323
MALVACEAE
Malva neglecta Wallr.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, roadside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 138
LINACEAE
Linum mucronatum Bertol. subsp. mucronatum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, G. Ayalp 316, Ir.-Tur. el.
Linum mucronatum Bertol. subsp. orientale (Boiss.) P.H.Davis
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.04.2003, G. Ayalp 317, Ir.-Tur. el., VU
GERANIACEAE
*Erodium ciconium (L.) L`Herit
C 7 Mezra city; Köpru mountain, 350 m, roadside, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 145
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L`Herit. subsp. cicutarium
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, roadside., 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 442
Erodium gruinum (L.) L’Herit
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, roadside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 300, Medit. el.
Geranium tuberosum L. subsp. deserti-syriacum Davis
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, roadside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 301, CR
VITACEAE (AMPELIDACEAE)
Vitis vinifera L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, streamside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 510
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
*Fagonia olivieri DC.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 450 m, arable field, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 507, Ir.-Tur. el., VU
Peganum harmala L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, roadside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 132
Zygophyllum fabago L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, roadside, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 509, Ir.-Tur. el.
ANACARDIACEAE
Pistacia khinjuk Stocks
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, roadside, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 122, Ir.-Tur. el.
Pistacia vera L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 350 m, pistachio grove, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 125, Ir.-Tur. el
*Rhus coriaria L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 450 m, roadside, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 124, Ir.-Tur. el.
FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE)
Argyrolobium crotalarioides Jaub. and Spach
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 558, Dumenli hills, 380 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2002, G. Ayalp 559, VU
Astragalus ancistrocarpus Boiss and Hausskn.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, G. Ayalp 100, Ir.-Tur. el., VU
Astragalus brachystachys DC.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 446, Ir.-Tur. el., EN
Astragalus cretaceus Boiss. and Kotschy.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2002, G. Ayalp 447, Dumenti hill, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2002, G. Ayalp 448 Ir.-Tur. el.
Astragalus diphtherites Fenzl var. diphtherites
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2002, G. Ayalp 102, Ir.-Tur. el.
Astragallus lagurus Willd.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 443, Ir.-Tur. el.
Astragalus lanigerus Desf.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 544, Ir.-Tur. el.
Astragalus russellii Banks and Sol.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 603, Ir.-Tur. el., VU
*Astragalus strictifolius Boiss. var. strictifolius
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 351, Ir.-Tur. el.
Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 450 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 440
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glabra
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hills, 450 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 430
Hedysarum pannosum (Boiss.) Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, G. Ayalp 561, Mezra hill, 390 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 562, Ir.-Tur. el., VU
Hedysarum varium Willd.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. ayalp 456, Ir.-Tur. el.
Hippocrepis unisiliguoasa L. subsp. unisiliguoasa
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 13.04.2003, G. Ayalp 450
Lathyrus cassius Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 07.03.2003, G. Ayalp 553, Medit.el.
Lens orientalis (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 07.03.2003, G. Ayalp 554
Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 440 m, steppe, 07.04.2002, G. Ayalp 466, Medit. el
Onobrychis galegifolia Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 28.04.2002, G. Ayalp 468, Ir.-Tur. el.
Ononis biflora Desf.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 565, Medit. el.
Prosopis farcta (Banks and Sol.) Macbride
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 455.
Trifolium speciosum Willd.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 460.
Trifolium tomentosum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 07.04.2004, G. Ayalp 459
Trigonella monantha C.A Meyer subsp. noeane (Boiss.) Hub.-Mor.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 465, Ir.-Tur. el.
Trigonella coelesyriaca Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 07.04.2002, G.ayalp 545, Dumenti hill, 390, stepe, 13.04.2002, G. Ayalp 547, Ir.-Tur. el.
Trigonella mesopotamica Hub.-Mor.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 440 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 549, Ir.-Tur. el.
Trigonella spicata Sibth. and Sm
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 350 m, stony places, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 569, Medit. el.
Trigonella spruneriana Boiss. var. spruneriana
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 13.04.2003, G. Ayalp 568, Ir.-Tur. el.
Vicia mollis Boiss. and Hausskn. ex Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 462, Ir.-Tur. el.
Vicia palaestina Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 461, Medit. el.
Vicia peregrina L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 463
Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 555
ROSACEAE
Amygdalus arabica Oliv.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2002, G. Ayalp 172.
Amygdalus communis L.
C 7 Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 17.03.2002, G. Ayalp 168, Köpru mountain, 380 m, streamside, 30.05.2003, G. Ayalp 170 Ir.-Tur. element
*Amygdalus lycioides Spach
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 171
Crataegus monogyna Jacg. subsp. monogyna
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 10.09.2004, Atamov and Aslan 601, Ir.-Tur.el.
Potentilla speciosa Willd. var. speciosa
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 235
Pyracantha coccinea Roemer
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 164
*Rosa gallica L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 28.04.2003, G. ayalp 111
*Rosa phoenica Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 315
Rubus sanctus Schreber
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 317
Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. magnoli (Spach) Briq.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, steppe, 13.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 612
PUNICACEAE
Punica granatum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 520
CUCURBITACEAE
Bryonia multiflora Boiss. and Heldr.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 515, Ir.-Tur. el.
APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE)
Ainsworthia trachycarpa Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 595, Medit. el.
Daucus carota L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, roadside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 597
Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp. sibthorpiana (Guss.) Tutin
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 17.03.2003, G. Ayalp 203, Dumenti hill, 435 m, roadside, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 202, Ir.-Tur. el.
Eryngium campestre L. var. virens Link
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 11.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 598
Eryngium creticum Lam
C 7 Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 360 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 641, Medit. el.
Ferulago macrocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hills, 360 m, streamside, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 594, Ir.-Tur. el.
agoeicia cuminoides L.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 360 m, streamside, 30.05.2004,G. Ayalp 640, Medit. el.
Prangos meliocarpoides Boiss. var. meliocarpoides
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 489, Ir.-Tur. el., end., DD
Prangos peucedanifolia Fenzl
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 490, Ir.-Tur. el.
Scandix pecten-veneris L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 13.04.2004, G. Ayalp 504.
Tordylium aegyptiacum (L.) Lam
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 600, Medit. el.
Torilis leptophylla (L.) Reichb.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2004, G. Ayalp 601, Dumenti hill, 420 m, step alan 28.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 602
VALERIANACEAE
Valerianella vesicaria (L.) Moench.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 480 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 112, Dumenti hill, 390 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 404
Valerianella dentata (L.) Poll.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 440 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 484
DIPSACACEAE
Scabiosa argentea L.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 400 m, stony places, 30.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 632
Scabiosa calocephala Boiss.
C7: Mezra city; Mezra hill, 360 m, steppe, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 621, Ir.-Tur. el.
Scabiosa persica Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 570, Ir.-Tur. el.
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
Achillea vermicularis Trin.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 390, Ir.-Tur. el.
Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 430 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 501, Ir.-Tur. el.
Anthemis haussknechtii Boiss. and Reuter
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 502.
Mezra hill, 430 m, steppe, stony places, 21.03.2004, Atamov and Aslan 494
*Anthemis kotschyana Boiss. var. kotschyana
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 380 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 272
*Anthemis pauciloba Boiss. var. microstepana (Eig.) Grierson
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 273, Medit. el., end., LR
Anthemis pauciloba Boiss. var. pauciloba
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 274, end. LR
Anthemis tinctoria L. var. tinctoria
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, arable field, 30.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 498.
Artemisia herba-alba L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, Atamov and Aslan 293; Mezra hill, 350 m, arable field, 17.03.2003, Atamov and Aslan 294, Ir.-Tur. el.
Artemisia vulgaris L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 110.
*Bellis perennis L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 17.05.2003, Atamov and Aslan 292,. Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 280, Aur.-Sib. el.
Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. breviphyllarius Davis
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 390 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, Atamov and Aslan 295, Ir.-Tur. el.
*Carlina involucrata Poiret subsp. libanotica (Boiss.) Mevsel and Kastner
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, 267, Medit. el.
Carlina lanata L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 502, Medit. el.
Chondrilla juncea L. var. juncea
C 7 Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 264
Centaurea rigida Banks and Sol.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 261, Ir.-Tur. el.
Centaurea sclerolepis Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 17.03.2003, G. Ayalp 387, Dumenti hills, 460 m, stony places, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 388, Ir.-Tur. el., end., VU
Centaurea solstitialis L.subsp. solstitialis
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 389
Centaurea triumfetti All.
C 7 Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 01.07.2003, G. Ayalp 296
Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. and Huet.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2003, G. Ayalp 266, Ir.-Tur. el.
Cichorium intybus L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2003, Atamov and Aslan 290
Cirsium alatum (Gmelin) Bobrov subsp. pseudocreticum Davis and Parris
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2004, G. Ayalp 630, Ir.-Tur. el., end., LC
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 308.
Crepis foetida L. subsp. rhoeadifolia (Bieb.) Celak
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 499 Crepis kotschyona (Boiss.) Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 539.
Crepis sancta (L.) Babcock
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 21.03.2003, G. Ayalp 379.
Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 359
Echinops viscosus DC. subsp. bithynicus (Boiss.) Rech. Fil.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2003, Atamov and Aslan 398
Filago pyramidata L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2002, G. Ayalp 261,
Dumenti hills, 369 m, steppe, 17.05.2003, Atamov and Aslan 282
*Hieracium bornmuelleri Freyn
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 31.05.2003, G. Ayalp 315, end., LC
Matricaria aurea (L.) Schultz Bip.
C 7 Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 497
*Onopordum acanthium L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.03.2003, G. Ayalp 362, Mezra hill, 350 m, arable field, 30.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 364.
Phagnalon graecum Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 400 m, steppe, 11.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 270
Picris strigosa Bieb. var. strigosa
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 495, Ir.-Tur. el.
*Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2002, Atamov and Aslan 385
Pulicaria vulgaris (L.) Gaertner
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 496, Avr.-Sib. el.
*Santolina chamaecyparissus L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 275, Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 276
*Scorzonera laciniota L. subsp. laciniota
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, Atamov and Aslan 277
Scorzonera mollis Bieb. subsp. szowitzii (DC.) Chamberlain
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, G. Ayalp 288, Ir.-Tur. el.
*Scorzonera pseudolanata Grossh.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 386, Ir.-Tur. el.
Senecio vernalis Waldst and Kit
C7: Mezra city, dumenti hill, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 282, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 17.03 2003, Atamov and Aslan 284
Taraxacum aleppicum Dahlst.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 263
Taraxacum buttleri Van Soest
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, Atamov and Aslan 359
*Tragopogon longirostris Bisch. Ex Schultz Bip. var. abbreviatus Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, Atamov and Aslan 285
Tragopogon longirostris Bisch ex Schultz var. longirostris
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 392, Mezra hill, 450 m, steppe, 11.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 393
*Tragopogon pusillus Bieb.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2002, Atamov and Aslan 139,
Dumenti hills, 350 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 140
Xeranthemum annuum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 269
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula reuterana Boiss. and Ball.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2002, G. Ayalp 109, Ir.-Tur. el.
PRIMULACEAE
Anagallis arvensis L.var. arvensis
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 410 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 504, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 430.
Anagallis arvensis L. var. parviflora (Hoffmanns. and Link) Ces., Pass. and Gib.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 229, Medit. el
*Anagallis foemina J.F.Mil.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 228, Medit. el
OLEACEAE
Olea europaea L. var. europaea
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 423, Medit. el
Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris (Miller) Lehr.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 124, Medit. el
APOCYNACEAE
Vinca herbacea Waldst and Kit.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, Atamov and Aslan 149
GENTIANACEAE
*Centaurium pulchellum (Swartz) Druce
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 451
Gentiana olivieri Griseb.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 411, Ir.-Tur. el.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Convolvulus arvensis L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, arable field, 05.03.2004, G. Ayalp 586
Convolvulus stachydifolius Choisy
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 387, Mezra hill, 460 m, steppe, stony places 188, Ir.-Tur. el.
Convolvulus dorycnium L. subsp. oxysepalus (Boiss.) Rech. fil.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 314, Medit. el
CUSCUTACEAE
Cuscuta compestris Yunck.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hills, 390 m, on the Vitis vinifera, 11.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 512
BORAGINACEAE
Anchusa aucheri DC.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, Atamov and Aslan 336
Anchusa azurea J.F Mil. var. azurea
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, steppe, stony places 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 333, C 7 Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 634 Anchusa strigosa Labill.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 330
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) G.H. Johnstone
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 21.03.2004, Atamov and Aslan 661, Mezra hill, 390 m, steppe, stony places, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 162
Buglossoides incrassata (Guss.) G.H. Johnstone
C7:Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 663, Medit.el.
Heliotropium europaeum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 697, Medit. el.
Onosma giganteum Lam
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 137, Medit. el
Onosma molle DC.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 13.04.2002, G. Ayalp 158, Ir.-Tur. el.
SOLANACEAE
Hyoscyamus niger L.
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, roadside,11.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 674
Lycium anatolicum A.Baytop and R. Miller
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, roadside, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 630, Ir.-Tur. el., end., LC
SCROPHULARIACEAE
*Melapyrum arvense L. var. arvense L.
Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 753, Avr.-Sib. el.
Scrophularia xanthoglossa Boiss. var. decipiens (Boiss. ex Kotc.) Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 206, Ir.-Tur. el.
Verbascum tenue Murb.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 208, Ir.-Tur. el., end.VU
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. anagallis-aquatica
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 584, Mezra hill, 400 m, streamside, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 583
Veronica hispidula Boiss. ex Huet. subsp. hispidula
C7: Mezra city, Mezra hill, 460 m, streamside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 525, Ir.-Tur. el.
Veronica syriaca Roemer ex Schult.
C7: Mezra city, mezra hill, 460 m, streamside, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 582, Medit. el
ORABANCHACEAE
Orabanche aegyptiaca Pers.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 11.05.2003, Atamov and Aslan 506
VERBENACEAE
Verbena officinalis L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 508
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
Lamium aleppicum Boiss ex Hausskn
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 04.07.2004, G. Ayalp 404, Dumenti hill, 410 m, steppe, 28.04.2004, G. Ayalp 405, Ir.-Tur. el.
Mentha longifolia (L.) J.Huds. subsp. longifolia
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 410 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 476, Avr.-Sib. el.
Mentha longifolia (L.) J.Huds subsp. thyphoides (Briq.) Harley var. typhoides
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 410 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 491
*Mentha longifolia (L.) J.Huds subsp. noeana (Boiss.and Briq.) Briq.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 410 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 477, VU
Mentha pulegium L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 410 m, streamside, 11.03.2004, G. Ayalp 527
Phlomis bruguieri Desf.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 474, Mezra hill, 410 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 540, Ir.-Tur. el.
Phlomis rigida Labill.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 13.04.2003, G. Ayalp 492, Ir.-Tur. el.
Salvia brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 531, Mezra hill, 400 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 533, Ir.-Tur. el.
*Satureja thymbra L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 492, Medit. el Scutellaria tomentosa Bertol.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 572, Dumenti hill, 400 m, steppe, 11.03.2004, Atamov and Aslan 573, Ir.-Tur. el.
Teucrium multicaule Montb. ex Much
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 525, Mezra hill, 400 m, steppe, 28.04.2004, G. Ayalp 526, Ir.-Tur. el.
Teucrium polium L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 17.03.2004, G. Ayalp 469, Mezra hill, 400 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 471
Teucrium pruinosum Boiss.
Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 04.07.2003, G. Ayalp 528, Ir.-Tur. el.
Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 471, Mezra hill, 400 m, steppe, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 541
Ziziphora tenuior L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 478, Ir.-Tur. el.
Ziziphora capitata L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 522, Mezra hill, 400 m, steppe, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 524, Ir.-Tur. el.
PLUMBOGINACEAE
*Acantholimon armenum Boiss. and A.Huet. var. armenum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 17.03.2003, G.ayalp 130, Ir.-Tur. el.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago afra L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 07.04.2003, Atamov and Aslan 231
*Plantago major L. subsp. major
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 733
EUPHORBIACEAE
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 756
Euphorbia chamaesyce L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2002, Atamov and Aslan 588
Euphorbia falcata L. subsp. falcata var. falcata
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places., 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp154
Euphorbia macroclada Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 589, Mezra hill, 400 m, steppe, 31.05.2004, Atamov and Aslan 586, Ir.-Tur. el.
Euphorbia macrostegia Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 13.04.2003, G. Ayalp 587
MORACEAE
Ficus carica L. subsp. carica
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, olive grove, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 719.
Ficus carica L. subsp. rupestris (Haussskn.) Browica.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, olive grove, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 720, Ir.-Tur. el.
ULMACEAE
Celtis australis L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, olive grove,11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 518, Medit. el.
SALICACEAE
Salix acmophylla Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, streamside, 04.11.2004, G. Ayalp 721, Ir.-Tur. el.
RUBIACEAE
Asperula orientalis Boiss. ex Hohen.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2004, G. Ayalp 741, Ir.-Tur. el.
Cruciata articulata (L.) Ehrend.
Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 302, Ir.-Tur. el.
Gallium canum Req. ex DC. subsp. canum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 07.04.2003, G. Ayalp 304, Medit. el.
Galium canum Req. ex DC. subsp. ovatum Ehrend.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 13.07.2003, G. Ayalp 306, Medit. el.
Galium tricornutum Dandy
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, Atamov and Aslan 174, Medit. el.
Sherardia arvensis L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 193, Medit. el.
MONOCOTYLEDONES
ARACEAE
Eminium spiculatum (Blume) Schott var. spiculatum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 210, Ir.-Tur. el.
LILIACEAE
Allium ampeloprasum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2003, Atamov and Aslan 322
Allium flavum L. subsp. tauricum (Besser ex Reichb.) Stearn var. tauricum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 215, Medit. el.
Allium nigrum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 420 m, arable field, 11.04.2003, G. Ayalp 214, Medit. el.|
Allium stamineum Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 410 m, arable field, 30.05.2003, G. Ayalp 216, Medit. el.
Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2003, G. Ayalp 321, Avr.-Sib.el.
*Bellevelia macrobotrys Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2003, G. Ayalp 323, Ir.-Tur. el.
*Bellevelia gracilis Feinbrun
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2003, G. Ayalp 322, Ir.-Tur. el., end., LC
*Gagea reticulata (Pallas) F.J. Schulz
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 30.05.2003, G. Ayalp 326, Ir.-Tur. el.
Hyacinthella nervosa (Bertol.) Chouard
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 21.03.2003, G. Ayalp 319, Ir.-Tur. el.
Muscari comosum (L.) J.F. Mil.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 21.03.2003, G. Ayalp 212
Ornithogalum montanum Cirillo
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 209
Ornithogalum oligophyllum ED Clarke
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 17.03.2003, G. Ayalp 211
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb. subsp. tataricum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru hill, 460 m, stony places, 28.04.2002, G. Ayalp 320, Ir.-Tur. el
ORCHIDACEAE
Orchis anatolica Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 399
Orchis coriophora L.
Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 513
CYPERACEAE
*Carex diluta M Bieb.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 400 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 579
*Carex pachystylis J. Gay
Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, Atamov and Aslan 513
Cyperus longus L.
C7: Mezra city, Dumenti hill, 400 m, streamside, 01.07.2004, G. Ayalp 799
POACEAE (GRAMINEA)
Aegilops speltoides Tausch var. ligustica (Savign) Bornm
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 440
Aegilops triuncialis L. subsp. triuncialis
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 348
Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk.subsp. umbellulata
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 350, Ir.-Tur. el.
Arrhenatherum palaestinum Boiss.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 407
Avena sterilis L. subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gıllet ex Magne
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 357
Avena sterilis L. subsp. sterilis
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 359
Avena barbata Pott ex Link subsp. barbata
C7: Mezra city, Zeytinbahçe, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 360
*Bromus gracillimus Bunge ex Memm
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2003, G. Ayalp 416
Bromus japonicus Thunb. subsp. japonicus
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2003, Atamov and Aslan 432
Bromus pumilo (Trin.) P.M Smith
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2002, G. Ayalp 410
Bromus scoparius L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 434
Bromus squarrosus L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, stony places, 13.04.2003, Atamov and Aslan 352
Bromus sterilis L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 354.
Bromus tectorum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 412
Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. ex Dony subsp. rigidium var. rigidium
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 415.
*Crithopsis delileana (Schultes) Roshev.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 419
Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 420
Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. glomerata
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 418, Avr.-Sib. el.
Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 402,
*Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev subsp. sintenisii Melderis
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan, Dumenti hill, 400 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 426, Ir.-Tur., element, end., EN
*Festuca callieri (Hackel ex St.-Yves.) F. Markgr. subsp. callieri
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 437, Dumenli hills, 390 m, steppe, 07.04.2002, G. Ayalp 438
*Heteranthelium piliferum (Banks ex Sol.) Hochst.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, 07.04.2004, Atamov and Aslan 430
Hordeum bulbosum L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 11.05.2004, G. Ayalp 449
Hordeum murinum L. subsp. glaucum (Steudfel) Tzvelev.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 421, Dumenti hill, 420 m, steppe, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 423
Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 28.04.2003, G. Ayalp 417
*Phleum exaratum Hochst. ex. Griseb. subsp. exaratum
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 424
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steudel
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 420
Poa angustifolia L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, G. Ayalp 447
Poa bulbosa L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, steppe, stony places, G. Ayalp 439
*Secale cereale L. var. cereale L.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 427
Dumenli hill, 400 m, steppe, 30.05.2004, G. Ayalp 428
Stipa holosericea Trin.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 31.05.2004, G. Ayalp 414, Ir.-Tur. el.
Vulpia persica (Boiss. ex Buhse) V. Kreez ex Bobrov.
C7: Mezra city, Köpru mountain, 460 m, streamside, 11.04.2004, G. Ayalp 415, Ir.-Tur.el.

The differences are because of geologic, geomorphologic, climatic, phytogeographic, geographic and adaphic features. Especially, Centaurea and Verbascum are localised on steppes in the central and eastern parts of Anatolia. In this area, the steppe and rocky place area is very large. Therefore, the number of species from these genera is restricted. The genus Verbascum, which is the largest genus in the second genus in the Flora of Turkey, is not seen in the first ten floristic list because this area is stony and bears features of the Mediterranean microclimate (Davis, 1965-1985; Davis et al., 1988; Guner et al., 2000).

Teucrium, Centaurea and Hypericum, which grow in rocky places, are the most common genera in the Mezra city. However in the neighboring areas, Astragalus is the largest genus. Fourteen out of the 290 taxa are endemic in the study area. Three endemic taxa are the Mediterranean phytogeographic region element, 7 Iranio-Turanian. The phytogeographic regions of 4 taxa are not known. The rate of endemism is lower in the areas that are completely in the transition zone (Table 3). This is because the taxa found in these areas are widespread and grow in more than one phytogeographic region.

This study will help in bringing about a better understanding of the flora of Turkey in the future.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to Res. Assist. Ismail Eker for their help in identifying some geophytes, to Dr. Hasan Akan for Fabaceae. Assist. Nazmiye Gurel for checking the English grammar.

REFERENCES