Composition of the Essential Oils of Salvia leriifolia Benth. Growing Wild in Around of Two Mine in Iran

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Plant Material
The aerial parts of S. leriifolia Benth. were collected from 37 km Bardscan town in Kashmar city names to Taknar copper and Southwest of Bardscan town between Dlacan, Kale Asb, Aghel Kaftar mountains names to Dehzaman iron in Korassan Razavi Province in Iran, in Spring 2007. The voucher specimens have been deposited at the Herbarium of Agricultural Faculty in Ferdosi University Mashad, Iran.

Oil Isolation
The oils of air-dried of aerial parts of S. leriifolia from copper mine region (50 g), iron mine region (63 g) were obtained by hydrodistillation method, Clevenger-type apparatus for 2.5 and 2 h, with yields 0.28% green and 0.35% yellow, respectively. The oils dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate.

GC/MS
GC analysis was performed using a Hewlett-Packard 6890 with HP-5MS column (30 mx0.25 mm, film thickness 0.32 μm) and coupled with MS, HP-5973. The injection temperature was 250°C. The oven temperature was kept at 60°C for 2 min, promoted to 220°C at 6°C min^-1 and kept constant at 220°C for 2 min. The carrier gas was Helium (99.999%) in a flow rate of 1 mL min^-1. Ionization energy of MS were 70 eV.

Identification of the constituents of the oils were made by comparison of their mass spectra and Retention Indices (RI) with those given in the literature and those authentic samples (Adams, 1995).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The chemical composition of the oils of S. leriifolia can be seen in Table 1. Among the 32 compounds (100% of total percent) characterized from copper mine’s oil monoterpenes were dominant (34.87% hydrocarbon and 52.87% oxygenated monoterpenes) which 1,8-cineole (20.04%), camphor (18.48%), α-pinene (16.49%) and camphene (10.94%) were the main constituents and 12 compounds identified from iron mine’s oil (96.94% of total percent), oxygenated monoterpenes with artemisia ketone (62.92%) and cubenol (9.35%) as a sesquiterpene were the major ones.

There was only report about composition of the essential oil of S. leriifolia (Rustaiyan et al., 2000) that hydrocarbon monoterpenes were dominant and β-pinene (23.7%) 1,8-cineole (16.2%), α-pinene (13.8%) and α-cadinol (9.0%) characterized as the main from 22 compounds. And in the searching on internet, there was one abstract from the other work of Rustaiyan’s teams that reported stem oil consisted mainly both monoterpenes (β-pinene (19.0%)) and sesquiterpenes (germacrene-D (11.0%) and δ-cadinene (10.05%) from 34 compounds by 92.4% total identified), while leaf and flower oils monoterpenes (β-pinene (31.5%), 1,8-cineole (24.7%) and α- pinene (17.5%) in the leaf among 30 components by 98.9% and γ-terpinene ( 62.2%) and para cymene ( 11.1%) in flowers oil from 27 compounds (95.9%)) predominated over sesquiterpenes (Rustaiyan et al., 2007).

Table 1:	Comparing the composition of the oils of S. leriifolia (copper mine and iron mine)

In comparing present results with two before mentioned references (Rustaiyan et al., 2000, 2007) we can also see mainly monoterpenes, but with different quality and quantity of the compounds, for example β-pinene before found as the major in stem and leaf oils but now in the oil of copper mine 1, 8-cineol as the major and in the oil of iron mine artemisia ketone be the major and γ-terpinene in the flower oil of before result was major (62.2%) but in present result only in the copper mine oil find as a trace amount (0.48%), that may be because of different date and area of harvesting or effects of pollutants minerals. Also, there were different results within two mines (copper and iron), artemesia ketone (62.92%) was seen only in the iron mine’s oil, while 1, 8-cineole (20.04%), camphor (18.48%), α-pinene (16.9%) and camphene (10.94%) were majors in the copper mine’s oil.

Imanshahidi and Hosseinzadeh (2006) noted that despite of showing good pharmacological or therapeutic effects, there is still a need for more precise studies to determine and separate the active compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action. So we conclude that, in spite of study on the pollutant area and different results with others in quality and quantity of compounds, this is not enough and the investigation must be continued to expand knowledge about active compounds and on elucidation significant structures.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to grateful the financial support provided by Research Council of Payame Noor University, Fateme Asadollahi for her help in collecting and Dr. Mohammad Reza Javaherchi for his help in identifying plant specimens.