Submit Manuscript

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2016 | Volume: 15 | Issue: 9 | Page No.: 867-872
Facebook Twitter Digg Reddit Linkedin StumbleUpon E-mail
Research Article

Crude Nutrient and Mineral Composition of Asystasia gangetica (L.) as a Predominant Forage Species for Feeding of Goats

Khalil

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed to define the suitability of Asystasia gangetica (L.) as a predominant forage for goats based on crude nutrient and mineral composition. Samples of forages collected by farmers were taken from 8 goat farms at three different sampling times. Fresh samples were taken from five different spots in each sample bunch from each farm, weighed and then sorted to determine the predominant species based on botanical composition and apparent frequency. Samples of six predominant species were chopped and mixed in with others from the same sampling time. Representative samples (about 150 g) from each of the predominant species were dried and ground for chemical analysis. Botanical composition, apparent frequency, dry matter, nutrient content (crude protein, fiber and ash) and minerals (Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were measured. Results showed that of the 47 total kinds of vegetation fed to goats in the Payakumbuh region of Indonesia, the six predominant forage species included Axonopus compressus (23.4%), Centrocema pubescens (6.8%), A. gangetica (5.5%), Panicum maximum (5.3%) and Gliricidia sepium (5.2%) and Manihot utilissima (5.0%) foliage. The crude nutrient and mineral content of A. gangetica showed it to be a good source of protein and minerals, particularly Ca, P, Cu, Mn and Zn. It was concluded that A. gangetica could be used as a good complementary source of protein and minerals for goats.
PDF References Citation

REFERENCES

  1. AAS., 1980. Analytical Methods for Atomic-Absorption Spectrophotometry. Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA.
  2. Abdullah, R., 1985. Biological control of Asystasia by sheep grazing. Planter's Bull., 183: 43-49.
  3. Acipa, A., M.K. Mugisha and H.O. Origa, 2013. Nutritional profile of some selected food plants of Otwal and Ngai sub counties, Oyam district, Northern Uganda. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev., 13: 7428-7451.
  4. Adigun, O.S., E.N. Okeke, O.J. Makinde and M.O. Umunna, 2014. Effect of replacing wheat offal with Asystasia gangetica leaf meal (ALM) on growth performance and haematological parameters of weaner rabbits. Greener J. Agric. Sci., 4: 9-14.
    CrossRef
  5. Adiwimarta, K., J. Daryatmo, E.R. Orskov, R.W. Mayes and H. Hartadi, 2010. Utilisation of cassava leaf and carica papaya leaf as feeds and anthelmintics for goats. Adva. Anim. Biosci., 1: 114-114.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  6. Agea, G.J., J.M. Kimondo, D.A. Woiso, B.B. Obaa and P. Isubikalu et al., 2014. Nutritionally essential macro and micro minerals contents of fifteen selected leafy wild and semi-wild food plants (WSWFPs) from Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Uganda. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resourc., 4: 35-42.
    Direct Link
  7. Ajayi, D.A., J.A. Adeneye and F.T. Ajayi, 2005. Intake and nutrient utilization of West African Dwarf goats fed mango (Mangifera indica), ficus (Ficus thionningii), gliricidia Gliricidia sepium) foliages and concentrates to basal diet of guinea grass (Panicum maximum). World J. Agric. Sci., 1: 184-189.
    Direct Link
  8. Akah, P.A., A.C. Ezike, S.V. Nwafor, C.O. Okoli and N.M. Enwerem, 2003. Evaluation of the anti-asthmatic property of Asystasia gangetica leaf extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 89: 25-36.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  9. AOAC., 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edn., Association of Analytical Chemist, Washington DC., USA., ISBN: 9780935584752 Pages: 26.
    Direct Link
  10. Asbur, Y., S. Yahyar, K. Murtilaksono, Sudradjat and E.S. Sutarta, 2015. Study of Asystasia gangetica (L.) Anderson utilization as cover crop under mature oil palm with different ages. Int. J. Sci.: Basic Applied Res., 19: 137-148.
    Direct Link
  11. Bindelle, J., Y. Ilunga, M. Delacollette, M.M. Kayij, J.U. di M'Balu, E. Kindele and A. Buldgen, 2007. Voluntary intake, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of fresh forages fed to Guinea pigs in periurban rearing systems of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo). Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 39: 419-426.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  12. Evitayani, L.W., A. Fariani, T. Ichinohe and T. Fujihara, 2004. Study on nutritive value of tropical forages in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 17: 1518-1523.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  13. Ezike, A.C., P.A. Akah and C.O. Okoli, 2008. Bronchospasmolytic activity of the extract and fractions of Asystasia gangetica leaves. Int. J. Applied Res. Natur. Prod., 1: 8-12.
    Direct Link
  14. Fasuyi, A.O., 2005. Nutrient composition and processing effects on cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) antinutrients. Pak. J. Nutr., 4: 37-42.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  15. Hamid, A.A., O.O. Aiyelaagbe, R.N. Ahmed, L.A. Usman and S.A. Adebayo, 2011. Preliminary phytochemistry, antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts of Asystasia gangetica Linn T. Anderson grown in Nigeria. J. Adv. Applied Sci. Res., 2: 219-226.
    Direct Link
  16. Handayanta, E., S. Ifar, Hartutik and Kusmartono, 2014. Botanical composition and quality of ruminant feed resources in the dry land farming areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. J. Biol., Agric. Healthcare, 4: 26-33.
    Direct Link
  17. Jurami, A.S., 2003. Turf grass: Types, uses and maintenance. Garden Asia, 8: 40-43.
  18. Kanchanapoom, T. and S. Ruchirawat, 2007. Megastigmane glucoside from Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson. J. Nat. Med., 61: 430-433.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  19. Khalil, M.N. Lestari, P. Sardilla and Hermon, 2015. The use of local mineral formulas as a feed block supplement for beef cattle fed on wild forages. Media Peternakan-J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 38: 34-41.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  20. Kurnia, Y.F., R. Ferawati and Khalil, 2015. Prospect of dairy goat production for small-scale enterprise in payakumbuh West Sumatra. Pak. J. Nutr., 14: 141-145.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  21. Novita, C.I., A. Sudono, I.K. Sutama and T. Toharmat, 2006. Produktivitas kambing peranakan etawah yang diberi ransum berbasis jerami padi fermentasi. Media Peternakan, 29: 96-106.
    Direct Link
  22. Odhav, B., S. Beekrum, U.S. Akula and H. Baijnath, 2007. Preliminary assessment of nutritional value of traditional leafy vegetables in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J. Food Compos. Anal., 20: 430-435.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  23. Ong, K.H., M.T. Lim, P. Priscilla and C.J. Keen, 2008. Ground vegetation response to fertilization in an Azadirachta excelsa stand in Johore, Malaysia. J. Argon., 7: 327-331.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  24. Prabowo, A., L.R. McDowell, N.S. Wilkinson, C.J. Wilcox and J.H. Cornad, 1990. Mineral status of grazing cattle in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 1. Macrominerals. Am. J. Anim. Sci., 4: 111-120.
    PubMedDirect Link
  25. Prabowo, A., L.R. McDowell, N.S. Wilkinson, C.J. Wilcox and J.H. Conrad, 1991. Mineral status of grazing cattle in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: 2. Microminerals. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 4: 121-130.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  26. Samedani, B., A.S. Juraimi, M.P. Anwar, M.Y. Rafii, S.H.S. Awadz and A.R. Anuar, 2013. Competitive interaction of Axonopus compressus and Asystasia gangetica under contrasting sunlight intensity. Scient. World J.
    CrossRef
  27. Sobayo, R.A., O.A. Adeyemi, O.G. Sodipe, A.O. Oso and A.O. Fafiolu et al., 2012. Growth response of broiler birds fed Asystasia gangetica leaf meal in hot humid environment. J. Agric. Sci. Environ., 12: 53-59.
    Direct Link
  28. Steel, R.G.D., J.H. Torrie and D.A. Dickey, 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA., ISBN: 9780070610286, Pages: 666.
    Direct Link
  29. Tilloo, S.K., V.B. Pande, T.M. Rasala and V.V. Kale, 2012. Asystasia gangetica: Review on multipotential application. Int. Res. J. Pharm., 3: 18-20.
  30. Underwood, E.J. and N.F. Suttle, 1999. The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. 3rd Edn., CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK., ISBN: 0851991289, Pages: 624.
  31. Vazquez-Armijo, J.F., R. Rojo, A.Z.M. Salem, D. Lopez, J.L. Tinoco, A. Gonzalez, N. Pescador and I.A. Dominguez-Vara, 2011. Trace elements in sheep and goats reproduction: A review. Trop. Subtropical Agroecosyst., 14: 1-13.
    Direct Link
  32. Warly, L., A. Fariani, M. Hayashida and T. Fujihara, 2006. Mineral status of forages and grazing goats in West Sumatra, Indonesia: 1. Macro minerals. Int. J. Food Agric. Environ., 4: 234-236.
    Direct Link
  33. Warly, L., A. Fariani, Evitayani, M. Hayashida and T. Fujihara, 2006. Mineral status of forages and grazing goats in West Sumatra, Indonesia: 2. Micro minerals. J. Food Agric. Environ., 4: 204-207.
    Direct Link
  34. Weaver, C.M. and R.P. Heaney, 1999. Calcium. In: Modern Nutrition and Disease, Shils, M.E., J.A. Olson, M. Shike and A.C. Ross (Eds.). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore MD., USA., pp: 141-155.
  35. Wilde, D., 2006. Influence of macro and micro minerals in the peri-parturient period on fertility in dairy cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 96: 240-249.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  36. Yeoh, H.H. and P.F.M. Wong, 1993. Food value of lesser utilised tropical plants. Food Chem., 46: 239-241.
    CrossRefDirect Link

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *