Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
Flavonoids have been found to play important roles in the non-enzymatic protection against oxidative stress, especially in case of cancer. Flavonoids are group of polyphenolic compounds that occur widely in fruit, vegetables, tea, cocoas and red wine. Flavonoids, including flavones, flavanone, flavonols, flavanols and isoflavones, are polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in foods and beverages and possess a wide range of biological activities, of which antioxidation has been extensively explored. This study aimed to investigate the protective and the ameliorative role of some natural products on non-enzymatic antioxidants. Green tea extract and powdered curcumin were chosen as antioxidant natural products. CD1 mice were taken as experimental model. Green tea extract was provided to mice as their sole source of drinking water and powdered curcumin was added to the diet, these were taken for four weeks. Total thiol, protein-bound thiol and nonprotein-bound thiol, were measured in brain tissue homogenate as non-enzymatic antioxidant. The results of the study concluded that, green tea extract and curcumin addition to diet ameliorate and increase the concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants, specially protein-bound thiol.
PDF References
How to cite this article
Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed, 2016. Effects of Green Tea and Curcumin on Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in Normal Mice. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 15: 1-8.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2016.1.8
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2016.1.8
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2016.1.8
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2016.1.8
REFERENCES
- Aboul Ezz, H.S., Y.A. Khadrawy and N.A. Noor, 2011. The neuroprotective effect of curcumin and Nigella sativa oil against oxidative stress in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy: A comparison with valproate. Neurochem. Res., 36: 2195-2204.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Arora, A., T.M. Byrem, M.G. Nair and G.M. Strasburg, 2000. Modulation of liposomal membrane fluidity by flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 373: 102-109.
CrossRefDirect Link - Arteel, G.E., T. Uesugi, L.N. Bevan, E. Gabele, M.D. Wheeler, S.E. McKim and R.G. Thurman, 2002. Green tea extract protects against early alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Biol. Chem., 383: 663-670.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Arts, I.C.W., P.C.H. Hollman and D. Kromhout, 1999. Chocolate as a source of tea flavonoids. Lancet, 354: 488-488.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ataie, A., M. Sabetkasaei, A. Haghparast, A.H. Moghaddam and B. Kazeminejad, 2010. Neuroprotective effects of the polyphenolic antioxidant agent, Curcumin, against homocysteine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 96: 378-385.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Augustyniak, A., E. Waszkiewicz and E. Skrzydlewska, 2005. Preventive action of green tea from changes in the liver antioxidant abilities of different aged rats intoxicated with ethanol. Nutrition, 21: 925-932.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Babich, H., T. Gold and R. Gold, 2005. Mediation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of green and black tea polyphenols by cobalt chloride. Toxicol. Lett., 155: 195-205.
CrossRefDirect Link - Bearden, M.M., D.A. Pearson, D. Rein, K.A. Chevaux, D.A. Carpenter, C.L. Keen and H. Schmitz, 2000. Potential Cardio Vascular Health Benefits of Procyanidins Present in Chocolate and Cocoa. In: Caffeinated Beverages: Health Benefits, Physiological Effects and Chemistry. Parliament, T.H., C.T. Ho and P. Schieberle (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 177-186.
- Bors, W., C. Michel and M. Saran, 1994. Flavonoid antioxidants: Rate constants for reactions with oxygen radicals. Methods Enzymol., 234: 420-429.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Camargo, A.E.I., D.A.E. Daguer and D.S. Barbosa, 2006. Green tea exerts antioxidant action in vitro and its consumption increases total serum antioxidant potential in normal and dyslipidemic subjects. Nutr. Res., 26: 626-631.
CrossRefDirect Link - Chattopadhyay, I., U. Bandyopadhyay, K. Biswas, P. Maity and R.K. Banerjee, 2006. Indomethacin inactivates gastric peroxidase to induce reactive-oxygen-mediated gastric mucosal injury and curcumin protects it by preventing peroxidase inactivation and scavenging reactive oxygen. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 40: 1397-1408.
CrossRefDirect Link - Chen, L., X. Yang, H. Jiao and B. Zhao, 2002. Tea catechins protect against lead-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity in HepG2 cells. Toxicol. Sci., 69: 149-156.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ciftci, O., I. Ozdemir, S. Tanyildizi, S. Yildiz and H. Oguzturk, 2011. Antioxidative effects of curcumin, β-myrcene and 1,8-cineole against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced oxidative stress in rats liver. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 27: 447-453.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ciftci, O., A. Beytur, O. Cakir, N. Gurbuz and N. Vardi, 2011. Comparison of reproductive toxicity caused by cisplatin and novel platinum-N-heterocyclic carbene complex in male rats. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 109: 328-333.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Ciftci, O., M. Aydin, I. Ozdemir and N. Vardi, 2012. Quercetin prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced testicular damage in rats. Andrologia, 44: 164-173.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Ciftci, O., I. Ozdemir, M. Aydin and A. Beytur, 2012. Beneficial effects of chrysin on the reproductive system of adult male rats. Andrologia, 44: 181-186.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Conney, A.H., Y.R. Lou, J.G. Xie, T. Osawa and H.L. Newmark et al., 1997. Some perspectives on dietary inhibition of carcinogenesis: Studies with curcumin and tea. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 216: 234-245.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Croft, K.D., 1998. The chemistry and biological effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 854: 435-442.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Dinkova-Kostova, A.T. and P. Talalay, 1999. Relation of structure of curcumin analogs to their potencies as inducers of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes. Carcinogenesis, 20: 911-914.
CrossRefDirect Link - Du, P., H.Y. Tang, X. Li, H.J. Lin and W.F. Peng et al., 2012. Anticonvulsive and antioxidant effects of curcumin on pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Chin. Med. J., 125: 1975-1979.
PubMedDirect Link - El-Beshbishy, H.A., 2005. Hepatoprotective effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract against tamoxifen-induced liver injury in rats. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 38: 563-570.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Farhoosh, R., G.A. Golmovahhed and M.H.H. Khodaparast, 2007. Antioxidant activity of various extracts of old tea leaves and black tea wastes (Camellia sinensis L.). Food Chem., 100: 231-236.
CrossRefDirect Link - Frei, B. and J.V. Higdon, 2003. Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in vivo: Evidence from animal studies. J. Nutr., 133: 3275S-3284S.
PubMedDirect Link - Goupy, P., C. Dufour, M. Loonis and O. Dangles, 2003. Quantitative kinetic analysis of hydrogen transfer reactions from dietary polyphenols to the DPPH radical. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 615-622.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Guleria, R.S., A. Jain, V. Tiwari and M.K. Misra, 2002. Protective effect of green tea extract against the erythrocytic oxidative stress injury during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 236: 173-181.
CrossRefDirect Link - Gupta, M., U.K. Mazumder, T.S. Kumar, P. Gomathi and R.S. Kumar, 2004. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Buhinia racemosa against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. Iran. J. Pharmacol. Therapeut., 3: 12-20.
Direct Link - Halliwell, B. and J.M. Gutteridge, 1986. Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: Some problems and concepts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 246: 501-514.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Harborne, J.B. and C.A. Williams, 2000. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry, 55: 481-504.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Hussein, H.K. and O.A. Abu-Zinadah, 2010. Antioxidant effect of curcumin extracts in induced diabetic Wister rats. Int. J. Zool. Res., 6: 266-276.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ioku, K., T. Tsushida, Y. Takei, N. Nakatani and J. Terao, 1995. Antioxidative activity of quercetin and quercetin monoglucosides in solution and phospholipid bilayers. Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembr., 1234: 99-104.
CrossRefDirect Link - Jayaprakasha, G.K., L.J. Rao and K.K. Sakariah, 2006. Antioxidant activities of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Food Chem., 98: 720-724.
CrossRefDirect Link - Jung, J.Y., C.R. Han, Y.J. Jeong, H.J. Kim and H.S. Lim et al., 2007. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells. Neurosci. Lett., 411: 222-227.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kalpana, C., A.R. Sudheer, K.N. Rajasekharan and V.P. Menon, 2007. Comparative effects of curcumin and its synthetic analogue on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity. Singapore Med. J., 48: 124-130.
PubMedDirect Link - Kasaoka, S., K. Hase, T. Morita and S. Kiriyama, 2002. Green tea flavonoids inhibit the LDL oxidation in osteogenic disordered rats fed a marginal ascorbic acid in diet. J. Nutr. Biochem., 13: 96-102.
CrossRefDirect Link - Khopde, S.M., K.I. Priyadarsini, S.N. Guha, J.G. Satav, P. Venkatesan and M.N.A. Rao, 2000. Inhibition of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation by tetrahydrocurcumin: Possible mechanisms by pulse radiolysis. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 64: 503-509.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kuhad, A., S. Pilkhwal, S. Sharma, N. Tirkey and K. Chopra, 2007. Effect of curcumin on inflammation and oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced experimental nephrotoxicity. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55: 10150-10155.
CrossRefDirect Link - Lakshmanan, A.P., K. Watanabe, R.A. Thandavarayan, F.R. Sari and H. Meilei et al., 2011. Curcumin attenuates hyperglycaemia-mediated AMPK activation and oxidative stress in cerebrum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Free Radic. Res., 45: 788-795.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Lotito, S.B. and C.G. Fraga, 2000. Catechins delay lipid oxidation and α-tocopherol and β-carotene depletion following ascorbate depletion in human plasma. Exp. Biol. Med., 225: 32-38.
Direct Link - Maity, S., J.R. Vedasiromoni and D.K. Ganguly, 1998. Role of glutathione in the antiulcer effect of hot water extract of black tea (Camellia sinensis). Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 78: 285-292.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Matito, C., F. Mastorakou, J.J. Centelles, J.L. Torres and M. Cascante, 2003. Antiproliferative effect of antioxidant polyphenols from grape in murine Hepa-1c1c7. Eur. J. Nutr., 42: 43-49.
CrossRefDirect Link - Mazzanti, G., A. Di Sotto and A. Vitalone, 2015. Hepatotoxicity of green tea: An update. Arch. Toxicol., 89: 1175-1191.
CrossRefDirect Link - McPhail, D.B., R.C. Hartley, P.T. Gardner and G.G. Duthie, 2003. Kinetic and stoichiometric assessment of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 1684-1690.
CrossRefDirect Link - Mohamadin, A.M., H.A. El-Beshbishy and M.A. El-Mahdy, 2005. Green tea extract attenuates cyclosporine A-induced oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacol. Res., 51: 51-57.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Mosialou, E., G. Ekstrom, A.E.P. Adang and R. Morgenstern, 1993. Evidence that rat liver microsomal glutathione transferase is responsible for glutathione-dependent protection against lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Pharmacol., 45: 1645-1651.
CrossRefDirect Link - Murugan, P. and L. Pari, 2006. Antioxidant effect of tetrahydrocurcumin in Streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Life Sci., 79: 1720-1728.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Nanjo, F., M. Honda, K. Okushio, N. Matsumoto, F. Ishigaki, T. Ishigami and Y. Hara, 1993. Effects of dietary tea catechins on α-tocopherol levels, lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte deformability in rats fed on high palm oil and perilla oil diets. Biol. Pharmaceut. Bull., 16: 1156-1159.
CrossRefDirect Link - Noor, N.A., H.S. Aboul Ezz, A.R. Faraag and Y.A. Khadrawy, 2012. Evaluation of the antiepileptic effect of curcumin and Nigella sativa oil in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy in comparison with valproate. Epilepsy Behav., 24: 199-206.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Okada, K., C. Wangpongtrakul, T. Tanaka, S. Toyouni, K. Uchida and T. Osawa, 2001. Curcumin and especially tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorate oxidative stress-induced renal injury in mice. J. Nutr., 131: 2090-2095.
PubMedDirect Link - Ostrowska, J., W. Luczaj, I. Kasacka, A. Rozanski and E. Skrzydlewska, 2004. Green tea protects against ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rat organs. Alcohology, 32: 25-32.
CrossRefDirect Link - Perez-Vargas, J.E., N. Zarco, P. Vergara, M. Shibayama, J. Segovia, V. Tsutsumi and P. Muriel, 2016. L-theanine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via inhibition of nuclear factor κB and down-regulation of transforming growth factor β and connective tissue growth factor. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 35: 135-146.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Pietta, P.G., 2000. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J. Nat. Prod., 63: 1035-1042.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Reddy, A.C.P. and B.R. Lokesh, 1994. Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. Food Chem. Toxicol., 32: 279-283.
CrossRefDirect Link - Reeta, K.H., J. Mehla and Y.K. Gupta, 2009. Curcumin is protective against phenytoin-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. Brain Res., 1301: 52-60.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Reeta, K.H., J. Mehla and Y.K. Gupta, 2010. Curcumin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in phenobarbitone and carbamazepine administered rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 644: 106-112.
CrossRefDirect Link - Reeta, K.H., J. Mehla, M. Pahuja and Y.K. Gupta, 2011. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine with curcumin in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 99: 399-407.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Saija, A., M. Scalese, M. Lanza, D. Marzullo, F. Bonina and F. Castelli, 1995. Flavonoids as antioxidant agents: Importance of their interaction with biomembranes. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 19: 481-486.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Sedlak, J. and R.H. Lindsay, 1968. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal. Biochem., 25: 192-205.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Skrzydlewska, E., J. Ostrowska, R. Farbiszewski and K. Michalak, 2002. Protective effect of green tea against lipid peroxidation in the rat liver, blood serum and the brain. Phytomedicine, 9: 232-238.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Skrzydlewska, E., J. Ostrowska, A. Stankiewicz and R. Farbiszewski, 2002. Green tea as a potent antioxidant in alcohol intoxication. Addict. Biol., 7: 307-314.
CrossRefDirect Link - Srinivasan, M., N.R. Prasad and V.P. Menon, 2006. Protective effect of curcumin on γ-radiation induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in cultured human lymphocytes. Mutat. Res./Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 611: 96-103.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Srinivasan, P., K.E. Sabitha and C.S. Shyamaladevi, 2007. Attenuation of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induced in vitro lipid peroxidation by green tea polyphenols. Life Sci., 80: 1080-1086.
CrossRefDirect Link - Sur-Altiner, D. and B. Yenic, 2000. Effect of black tea on lipid peroxidation in carbon tetrachloride treated male rats. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact., 16: 123-128.
PubMedDirect Link - Terao, J., M. Piskula and Q. Yao, 1994. Protective effect of epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and quercetin on lipid peroxidation in phospholipid bilayers. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 308: 278-284.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Tijburg, L.B., S.A. Wiseman, G.W. Meijer and J.A. Weststrate, 1997. Effects of green tea, black tea and dietary lipophilic antioxidants on LDL oxidizability and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis, 135: 37-47.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Vaya, J., S. Mahmood, A. Goldblum, M. Aviram and N. Volkova et al., 2003. Inhibition of LDL oxidation by flavonoids in relation to their structure and calculated enthalpy. Phytochemistry, 62: 89-99.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wei, Q.Y., W.F. Chen, B. Zhou, L. Yang and Z.L. Liu, 2006. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in rat liver mitochondria by curcumin and its analogues. Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj., 1760: 70-77.
CrossRefDirect Link - Yamamoto, M., S. Miyamoto, J.H. Moon, K. Murota, Y. Hara and J. Terao, 2006. Effect of dietary green tea catechin preparation on oxidative stress parameters in large intestinal mucosa of rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 70: 286-289.
CrossRefDirect Link - Yu, D.K., C.X. Zhang, S.S. Zhao, S.H. Zhang and H. Zhang et al., 2015. The anti-fibrotic effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in bile duct-ligated cholestatic rats and human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells are mediated by the PI3K/Akt/Smad pathway. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 36: 473-482.
CrossRefDirect Link - Zhu, Q.Y., Y. Huang, D. Tsang and Z.Y. Chen, 1999. Regeneration of α-tocopherol in human low-density lipoprotein by green tea catechin. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 2020-2025.
CrossRefDirect Link