Rini Marlida
Departement of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Achmad Yani University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
Widanarni
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
Enang Harris
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to investigate biological responses of humpback grouper (C. altivelis) supplied by synbiotic supplement, which are growth, digestive enzyme activity and health status. Probiotic applied was isolated from humpback grouper digestive tract and screened for amilolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities; while prebiotic was obtained from the extracts of sweet potato (Ipoemea batatas). The experiments comprised of four combination of synbiotics containing 1% probiotic candidate in treatment RM3, RM4, RM5, RM7 + 2% prebiotic and one control (without symbiotic) supplementation. Each synbiotic treatment was added with 2% egg white to bind all ingredients together. Completely randomized design with three replicates was applied for the experiment during 40 days rearing period. The result indicated that treatment with synbiotics were significantly different (p<0.05) in protein and total digestibility as compared to control group, whereas treatment RM4 and RM7 had the best result in weight gain (ΔW), specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention, feed conversion ratio, RNA/DNA ratio, in comparison to treatment RM3, RM5 and without synbiotic. Application of synbiotic treatment combination of 1% probiotic RM4 + 2% prebiotic also showed enhancement of digestive enzyme activity (amylase, protease and lipase), biochemical plasma (glucose and triglyceride) and haematology parameter (haemoglobin, hematocrit and phagocytic activity).
PDF References
How to cite this article
Rini Marlida, Muhammad Agus Suprayudi, Widanarni and Enang Harris, 2014. Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Health Status of Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes
altivelis) Fed with Synbiotic. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13: 319-326.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2014.319.326
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2014.319.326
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2014.319.326
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2014.319.326
REFERENCES
- Ai, Q., H. Xu, K. Mai, W. Xu, J. Wang and W. Zhang, 2011. Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance, survival, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Aquaculture, 317: 155-161.
CrossRefDirect Link - Bairagi, A., K.S. Ghosh, S.K. Sen and A.K. Ray, 2002. Duckweed (Lemna polyrhiza) leaf meal as a source of feedstuff in formulated diets for rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.) fingerlings after fermentation with a fish intestinal bacterium. Bioresour. Technol., 85: 17-24.
CrossRefDirect Link - Balcazar, J.L., I. de Blas, I. Ruiz-Zarzuela, D. Cunningham, D. Vendrell and J.L. Muzquiz, 2006. The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Vet. Microbiol., 114: 173-186.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Borlongan, I.G., 1990. Studies on the digestive lipases of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Aquaculture, 89: 315-325.
CrossRefDirect Link - Daniels, C.L., D.L. Merrifield, E. Ringo and S.J. Davies, 2013. Probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic applications for the improvement of larval European lobster (Homarus gammarus) culture. Aquaculture, 416: 396-406.
CrossRefDirect Link - Furne, M., M.C. Hidalgo, A. Lopez, M. Garcia-Gallego and A.E. Morales et al., 2005. Digestive enzyme activities in Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. A comparative study. Aquaculture, 250: 391-398.
CrossRefDirect Link - Fu, S.J. and X.J. Xie, 2004. Nutritional homeostasis in carnivorous southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis): Is there a mechanism for increased energy expenditure during carbohydrate overfeeding? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A: Mol. Integrative Physiol., 139: 359-363.
CrossRefDirect Link - Gibson, G.R., H.M. Probert, J. van Loo, R.A. Rastall and M.B. Roberfroid, 2004. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutr. Res. Rev., 17: 259-275.
CrossRefDirect Link - Glemet, H. and M.A. Rodriguez, 2007. Short-term growth (RNA/DNA ratio) of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in relation to environmental influences and spatio-temporal variation in a shallow fluvial lake. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 64: 1646-1655.
CrossRef - Gourbeyre, P., S. Denery and M. Bodinier, 2011. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: Impact on the gut immune system and allergic reactions. J. Leukocyte Biol., 89: 685-695.
CrossRefDirect Link - Hidalgo, M.C., E. Urea and A. Sanz, 1999. Comparative study of digestive enzymes in fish with different nutritional habits. Proteolytic and amylase activities. Aquacult., 170: 267-283.
CrossRef - Laining, A., Rachmansyah, T. Ahmad and K. Williams, 2003. Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis. Aquaculture, 218: 529-538.
Direct Link - Mohapatra, S., T. Chakraborty, A.K. Prusty, P. Das, K. Paniprasad and K.N. Mohanta, 2012. Use of different microbial probiotics in the diet of rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings: Effects on growth, nutrient digestibility and retention, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora. Aquacult. Nutr., 18: 1-11.
CrossRefDirect Link - Pohlenz, C. and D.M. Gatlin III, 2014. Interrelationships between fish nutrition and health. Aquaculture, 431: 111-117.
CrossRef - Ronnestad, I., Y. Kamisaka, L.E.C. Conceicao, S. Morais and S.K. Tonheim, 2007. Digestive physiology of marine fish larvae: Hormonal control and processing capacity for proteins, peptides and amino acids. Aquaculture, 268: 82-97.
CrossRefDirect Link - Satheeshkumar, P., G. Ananthan, D. Senthilkumar, A.B. Khan and K. Jeevanantham, 2010. Comparative investigation on haematological and biochemical studies on wild marine teleost fishes from Vellar estuary, southeast coast of India. Comp. Clin. Pathol., 21: 275-281.
CrossRef - Rodriguez-Estrada, U., S. Satoh, Y. Haga, H. Fushimi and J. Sweetman, 2009. Effects of single and combined supplementation of Enterococcus faecalis, mannan oligosaccharide and polyhydroxybutyrate acid on growth performance and immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquacult. Sci., 57: 609-617.
- Shapawi, R., W.K. Ng and S. Mustafa, 2007. Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in feeds formulated for the polka-dot grouper, Cromileptes altivelis. Aquaculture, 273: 118-126.
CrossRef - Verschuere, L., G. Rombaut, P. Sorgeloos and W. Verstraete, 2000. Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 64: 655-671.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Wang, Y.B., 2007. Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 269: 259-264.
CrossRefDirect Link - Williams, K.C., S. Irvin and M. Barclay, 2004. Polka dot grouper Cromileptes altivelis fingerlings require high protein and moderate lipid diets for optimal growth and nutrient retention. Aquacult. Nutr., 10: 125-134.
CrossRef - Williams, K.C., 2009. A review of feeding practices and nutritional requirements of postlarval groupers. Aquaculture, 292: 141-152.
CrossRefDirect Link - Yang, S.C., J.Y. Chen, H.F. Shang, T.Y. Cheng, S.C. Tsou and J.R. Chen, 2005. Effect of synbiotics on intestinal microflora and digestive enzyme activities in rats. World J. Gastroenterol., 11: 7413-7417.
PubMedDirect Link - Ziaei-Nejad, S., M.H. Rezaei, G.A. Takami, D.L. Lovett, A.R. Mirvaghefi and M. Shakouri, 2006. The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 252: 516-524.
CrossRefDirect Link