|
|
|
|
Research Article
|
|
Determination of Caffeine and Trace Minerals Contents in Soft and Energy Drinks Available in Basrah Markets
|
|
Sarmad G. Mohammed,
Alaa G. Al-Hashimi
and
Khadeeja S. Al-Hussainy
|
|
|
ABSTRACT
|
Ten brands of beverages (soft and energy drinks) consumed
in Basrah governorate/Iraq, were analyzed for its pH, trace minerals and caffeine
contents. The beverages included (O2, Boom Boom, Wild Tiger, Power
horse, Kalaschnikow, Pit bull, Pepsi, Mountain dew, Riviere and Barbican). Results
showed that the pH of the beverages ranged from 2.75-3.66. Iron and Calcium
were found in all beverages, Cadmium was found in (Boom Boom, Pit bull, Kalaschnikow
and Barbican). Lead was found only in O2, Power horse, Kalaschnikow
and Riviere. Manganese was found in Boom Boom, Wild Tiger, Power horse, Pit
bull and Riviere. Caffeine was found in all beverages except Riviere and Barbican,
the highest level of caffeine was in Kalaschnikow (103.13 mg/100 ml) when compared
with the other beverages.
|
|
|
|
|
|
REFERENCES |
1: Ashurst, P.R., 2005. Chemistry and Technology of Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices. 2nd Edn., Vol. 3. Blackwell Scientific Publication, London, pp: 433.
2: Burge, L.J. and D.W. Raches, 2003. Determination of caffeine by HPLC with UV detector. J. Liquid Chromatogr. Related Technol., 26: 1977-1990.
3: Graham, T.E., 2001. Caffeine and exercise: Metabolism, endurance and performance. Sports Med., 31: 785-807. PubMed | Direct Link |
4: Health Canada, 2010. It's Your Health. Caffeine. February 2006. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/food-aliment/caffeine-eng.php.
5: Jacobson, M.F., 2005. Liquid Candy-How Soft Drinks are Harming America's Health. 2nd Edn., Blackwell Scientific Publication, Washington, DC., Pages: 464.
6: James, J.E., 1991. Caffeine and Health. Academic Press, London, pp: 63-95.
7: Kamimori, G.H., D.M. Penetar, D.B. Headley, D.R. Thorne, R. Otterstetter and G. Belenky, 2000. Effect of three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 56: 537-544. CrossRef | Direct Link |
8: Laasonen, M., P.T. Harmia, C. Simard, M. Raesaenen and H. Vuorela, 2003. Spectrophotometeric determination of caffeine in coffee and tea leaves. Anal. Chem., 75: 754-760.
9: Lin, C.I., A.K. Joseph, C.K. Chang, Y.C. Wang and Y.D. Lee, 2003. Estimation of caffeine in tea samples by spectrophotometrically. Anal. Chim. Acta, 481: 175-180.
10: Lin, Y., Y.J. Tsai, J.S. Tsay and J.K. Lin, 2003. Estimation of caffeine by HPLC in different OTC drugs. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 1864-1873.
11: Lovallo, W.R., M. Al'Absi, G.A. Pincomb, R.B. Passey, B.H. Sung and M.F. Wilson, 2000. Caffeine, extended stress and blood pressure in borderline hypertensive men. Int. J. Behav. Med., 7: 183-188. CrossRef | Direct Link |
12: Malhotra, V.K., 1998. Biochemistry for Students. 10th Edn., Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India.
13: Marshall, T.A., S.M. Levy, B. Broffit, J.J. Warren, J.M. Eichenberger-Gilmore, T.L. Burns and P.J. Stambo, 2003. Dental caries and beverage consumption in young children. Pediatrics, 112: e184-e189. Direct Link |
14: Santa-Maria, A., M.M. Diaz, A. Lopez, M.T. de Miguel, M.J. Fernandez and A.I. Ortiz, 2002. In vitro toxicity of stimulant soft drinks. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 53: 70-72. Direct Link |
15: Stavric, B., 1988. Methylxanthines: Toxicity to humans. 2. Caffeine. Food Chem. Toxicol., 26: 645-662. Direct Link |
16: Bassiouny, M.A. and J. Yang, 2005. Influence of drinking patterns of Carbonated beverages on dental erosion. Gen. Dentistry, 53: 205-210. PubMed | Direct Link |
|
|
|
 |