S.J. Josiah
Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
S.C.O. Nwangwu
Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
A.A. Akintola
Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
U. Usunobun
Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
F.S. Oyefule
Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
O.K. Ajeigbe
Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
A. Akinola
Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The protective role of ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygadalina against potassium bromate induced tissue damage in Wistar rats was investigated. Twenty rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (A, B, C and D). Group A was administered 1 ml of 0.25 M sucrose solution. Group C and D were pretreated with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous extract of V. amygdalina respectively. The oral induction of 60 mg/kg potassium bromate to groups B, C and D were done eight hours before sacrifice. The liver, spleen, brain, kidney, heart and stomach were collected. Organ-body weight ratio, total tissue protein, amino acid level and malondialdehyde level in the tissues were estimated. The result showed a significant increase in all the parameters studied in group B. The organ to body weight ratio, total protein level, MDA concentration significantly lowered at both doses and amino acid level reduction is significant (p<0.05) in Group C when compared with Group B. This suggested that ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina has a protective potential against tissue damage induced by potassium bromate.
PDF References
How to cite this article
S.J. Josiah, S.C.O. Nwangwu, A.A. Akintola, U. Usunobun, F.S. Oyefule, O.K. Ajeigbe and A. Akinola, 2012. Protective Role of Ethanolic Extract of Vernonia amygdalina Against Potassium Bromate Induced Tissue Damage in Wistar Rats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11: 54-57.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2012.54.57
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2012.54.57
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2012.54.57
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2012.54.57
REFERENCES
- Adaramoye, O., B. Ogungbenro, O. Anyaegbu and M. Fafunso, 2008. Protective effects of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Hibiscus sabdariffa and vitamin C against radiation-induced liver damage in rats. J. Radiat. Res., 49: 123-131.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Ayoola, G.A., H.A. Coker, S.A. Adesegun, A.A. Adepoju-Bello, K. Obaweya, E.C. Ezennia and T.O. Atangbayila, 2008. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in Southwestern Nigeria. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 7: 1019-1024.
CrossRefDirect Link - Chipman, J.K., J.K. Davies, J.L. Parson, J. Nair, G. O'Neill and J.K. Fawell, 1998. DNA oxidation by potassium bromate; a direct mechanism or linked to lipid peroxidation? Toxicology, 126: 93-102.
CrossRefDirect Link - Chipman, J.K., J.L. Parsons and E.J. Beddowes, 2006. The multiple influences of glutathione on bromate genotoxicity: Implications of the dose-response relationship. Toxicology, 221: 187-189.
CrossRef - DeAngelio, A.B., M.H. George, S.R. Kilbum, T.M. Moore and D.C. Wolf, 1998. Carcinogenicity of potassium bromate administered in the drinking water to male B6C3F1 mice and F344/N rats. Toxicol. Pathol., 26: 587-594.
PubMedDirect Link - Erasto, P., D.S. Grierson and A.J. Afolayan, 2007. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and the fatty acid profile of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina growing in South Africa. Food Chem., 104: 636-642.
CrossRefDirect Link - Halliwell, B., J.M. Gutteridge and C.E. Cross, 1992. Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Where are we now? J. Lab. Clin. Med., 119: 598-620.
PubMed - Igile, G.O., W. Oleszeke, S. Burda and M. Jurzysta, 1995. Nutrituional assessment of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in growing mice. J. Agric. Food Chem., 43: 2162-2166.
Direct Link - Josiah, S.J., O. Omotuyi, K.A. Oluyemi, U.I. Ezea and E.S. Uhunmwangho et al., 2010. Protective role of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyx) against potassium bromate induced tissue damage in wistar rats. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9: 3218-3222.
Direct Link - Kurokawa, Y., A. Mackawa, N. Takahashi and Y. Hayeshi, 1990. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of potassium bromate a new renal carcinogen. Environ. Health Perspect, 87: 309-355.
Direct Link - Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall, 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Middleton Jr. E., C. Kandaswami and T.C. Theoharides, 2000. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev., 52: 673-751.
PubMedDirect Link - Nwanjo, H.U., 2005. Efficacy of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina on plasma lipoprotein and oxidative status in diabetic rat models. Nig. J. Physiol. Sci., 20: 39-42.
Direct Link - Omotuyi, I.O., K.A. Oluyemi, C.O. Omofoma, S.J. Josiah, O.A. Adesanya and L.C. Saalu, 2006. Cyfluthrin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5: 1909-1912.
Direct Link - Otshudi, A.L., A. Vercruysse and A. Foriers, 2000. Contribution to the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of traditionally used medicinal plants in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea in Lomela area, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). J. Ethnopharmacol., 71: 411-423.
CrossRefDirect Link - Parsons, J.L. and J.K. Chipman, 2000. The role of glutathione in DNA damage by potassium bromate in vitro. Mutagenesis, 15: 311-316.
CrossRefDirect Link - Sai, K., A. Takagi, T. Umemura, R. Hasegawa and Y. Kurokawa, 1991. Relation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in rat kidney to lipid peroxidation, glutathione level and relative organ weight after a single administration of potassium bromate. Jap. J. Cancer Res., 82: 165-169.
CrossRef - Vadlamani, K.R. and P.A. Seib, 1999. Effect of zinc and aluminium ions in breadmaking. Cereal Chem., 76: 355-360.
CrossRefDirect Link - Watanabe, T., T. Abe, M. Satoh, Y. Oda, T. Takada and T. Yanagihara, 1992. Two children with bromate intoxication due to ingestion of the second preparation for permanent hair waving. Pediatr. Int., 34: 601-605.
CrossRefDirect Link - Yeap, S.K., W.Y. Ho, B.K. Beh, W.S. Liang, H. Ky, A.H.N. Yousr and N.B. Alitheen, 2010. Vernonia amygdalina, an ethnoveterinary and ethnomedical used green vegetable with multiple bio-activities. J. Med. Plants Res., 4: 2787-2812.
Direct Link - Youdim, K.A., J. McDonald, W. Kalt and J.A. Joseph, 2002. Potential role of dietary flavonoids in reducing microvascular endothelium vulnerability to oxidative and inflammatory insults (small star, filled). J. Nutr. Biochem., 13: 282-288.
PubMedDirect Link - Ohkawa, H., N. Ohishi and K. Yagi, 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95: 351-358.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link