Sittisak Khampa
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, P.O. Box 44000, Thailand
Sarunyu Chuelong
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, P.O. Box 44000, Thailand
Saowalak Kosonkittiumporn
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Management, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, P.O. Box 44000, Thailand
Pichad Khejornsart
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), P.O. Box 40002, Thailand
ABSTRACT
Four, one-year old of dairy heifers, weighing at 200±10 kg were selected. Cows were randomly assigned according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design to study supplementation levels of Yeast Fermented Cassava Chip (YFCC) replaced concentrate on rumen ecology, cost production and average daily gain. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 = supplementation of concentrate: YFCC ratio at 100:0; T2 = supplementation of concentrate:YFCC ratio at 75:25; T3 = supplementation of concentrate:YFCC ratio at 50:50; T4 = supplementation of concentrate:YFCC ratio at 25:75, respectively. The animals were offered the treatment concentrate at 1.5 %BW and rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results have revealed that feed intake and average daily gain cost productions were significantly different among treatments especially affected the rice straw intake and average daily gain were higher in dairy heifers receiving T3 than T4, T2 and T1. In contrast, the cost productions was lower in dairy heifers receiving T3 than T4, T2 and T1. However, the rumen fermentation and blood metabolites were similar for all treatments. The populations of protozoa and fungal zoospores were significantly different as affected by levels of yeast fermented cassava chip supplementation. These results suggest that supplementation of yeast fermented cassava chip could highest replace at 75% of concentrate in dairy heifers.
PDF References
How to cite this article
Sittisak Khampa, Sarunyu Chuelong, Saowalak Kosonkittiumporn and Pichad Khejornsart, 2010. Manipulation of Yeast Fermented Cassava Chip Supplementation in Dairy Heifer Raised under Tropical Condition. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9: 950-954.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2010.950.954
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2010.950.954
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2010.950.954
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2010.950.954
REFERENCES
- Callaway, T.R. and S.A. Martin, 1996. Effects of organic acid and monensin treatment on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation of cracked corn. J. Anim. Sci., 74: 1982-1989.
PubMed - Chanjula, P., M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakorn, S. Uriyapongson and P. Rowlinson, 2004. Effect of synchronizing starch sources and protein (NPN) in the rumen on feed intake, rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient utilization and performance of lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 17: 1400-1410.
Direct Link - Crocker, C.L., 1967. Rapid determination of urea nitrogen in serum or plasma without deproteinization. Am. J. Med. Technol., 33: 361-365.
PubMedDirect Link - Fernandez, J.M., T. Sahulu, C. Lu, D. Ivey and M.J. Potchoiba, 1997. Production and metabolic aspects of non-protein nitrogen incorporation in lactation rations of dairy goats. Small Ruminant Res., 26: 105-107.
CrossRef - Guedes, C.M., D. Goncalves, M.A.M. Rodrigues and A. Dias-da-Silva, 2007. Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on ruminal fermentation and fibre degradation of maize silages in cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145: 27-40.
CrossRefDirect Link - Hoover, W.H., 1986. Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion. J. Dairy Sci., 69: 2755-2766.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Wanapat, M., P. Chaowarat, R. Pilajun, S. Khampa and U. Singhalert, 2009. Supplementation of yeast fermented cassava chip as a replacement concentrate on rumen fermentation efficiency and digestibility of nutrients in heifer. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8: 1091-1095.
Direct Link - Kiyothong, K. and M. Wanapat, 2004. Growth, hay yield and chemical composition of cassava and stylo 184 grown under intercropping. Aisan Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 17: 799-804.
Direct Link - Martin, S.A., M.N. Streeter, D.J. Nisbet, G.M. Hill and S.E. Williams, 1999. Effect of DL-malate on ruminal metabolism and performance of cattle fed a high concentrate diets. J. Anim. Sci., 77: 1008-1015.
Direct Link - Promkot, C. and M. Wanapat, 2005. Effect of level of crude protein and use of cottonseed meal in diets containg cassava chips and rice straw for lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 18: 502-511.
Direct Link - Sanson, D.W. and O.T. Stallcup, 1984. Growth response and serum constituents of Holstein bulls fed malic acid. Nutr. Rep. Int., 30: 1261-1267.
Direct Link - Wanapat, M., 2003. Manipulation of cassava cultivation and utilization to improve protein to energy biomass for livestock feeding in the tropics. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 16: 463-472.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wanapat, M. and O. Pimpa, 1999. Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation, purine derivatives, digestibility and rice straw intake in swamp buffaloes. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 12: 904-907.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wohlt, J.E., J.H. Clark and F.S. Blaisdell, 1978. Nutritional value of urea versus preformed protein for ruminants. II. Nitrogen utilization by dairy cows fed corn based diets containing supplemental nitrogen from urea and/or soybean meal. J. Dairy Sci., 61: 902-905.
Direct Link - Zinn, A.R. and F.N. Owens, 1986. A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 66: 157-166.
CrossRefDirect Link - Brossard, L., F. Chaucheyras-Dur, B. Michalet-Doreau and C. Martin, 2006. Dose effect of live yeasts on rumen microbial communities and fermentations during butyric latent acidosis in sheep new type of interaction. Anim. Sci., 82: 829-836.
CrossRef