Submit Manuscript

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2010 | Volume: 9 | Issue: 5 | Page No.: 426-429
Facebook Twitter Digg Reddit Linkedin StumbleUpon E-mail
Research Article

Microbiological Safety of Raw Milk in Khartoum State, Sudan: 1-Khartoum and Omdurman Cities

Asmahan Azhari Ali, N.B. Irshad, S.A. Razaz and A.A. Manahil

ABSTRACT

Twenty four random samples of raw cow milk were collected from Khartoum and Omdurman Cities. Samples were analyzed for microbiological population, included Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and spore forming bacteria. Microbiological enumeration revealed for the counts of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, 5.86 log cfu/ml; lactic acid bacteria, 4.47 log cfu/ml; coliforms 2.76 log cfu/ml; E. coli 1.63 log cfu/ml; Staphylococcus aureus, 1.92 log cfu/ml and 2.38 log cfu/ml Spore forming bacteria. The microbial profiles found had non-conformance to the Standard. Based on the exceedingly high microbial counts found in this study, it could be concluded that this milk type poses a serious health risk in the study areas.
PDF References Citation

Search

REFERENCES

  1. Adesiyun, A.A., L. Webb and S. Rahman, 1995. Microbiological quality of raw cow's milk at collection centres in Trinidad. J. Food Prot., 58: 139-146.
    Direct Link
  2. Adesiyun, A.A., 1994. Bacteriological quality associated public health risk of pre-processed bovine milk in Trinidad. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 21: 253-261.
    CrossRef
  3. Asperger, H., 1994. Staphylococcus aureus. In: Monograph on the Significance Of Pathogenic Microorganisms in raw Milk. International Dairy Federation, Brussels pp: 24-42.
  4. Bonfoh, B., A. Wasem, A.N. Traore, A. Fane and H. Spillmann et al., 2003. Microbiological quality of cows' milk taken at different intervals from the udder to the selling point in Bamako (Mali). Food Control, 14: 495-500.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  5. Boycheva, S., T. Dimitrov, M. Tsankova and T. Llier, 2002. Investigation on microflora of buffalo milk. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 8: 279-282.
    Direct Link
  6. Bramley, A.J. and C.H. McKinnon, 1990. The Microbiology of Raw Milk. In: Dairy Microbiology: The Microbiology of Milk, Robinson, R.K. (Ed.). Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., London, ISBN: 0853349487, pp: 163-208.
  7. Cousin, M.A., 1982. Presence and activity of psychrotrophic microorganisms in milk and dairy products. J. Food Protein, 45: 172-207.
  8. Desmasures, N., F. Bazin and M. Gueguen, 1997. Microbiological composition of raw milk farms in the camembert region of Normandy. J. Appl. Microbiol., 88: 53-58.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  9. Chye, F.Y., A. Abdullah and M.K. Ayob, 2004. Bacteriological quality and safety of raw milk in Malaysia. Food Microbiol., 21: 535-541.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  10. El-Gazzar, F.E., E. H. Marth, 1992. Salmonellae, salmonellosis and dairy foods: A review. J. Dairy Sci., 75: 2327-2343.
    Direct Link
  11. Giesecke, W.H., J.H. Du Preez and T.M. Petzer, 1994. Practical Mastitis Control in Dairy Herds. Butterworth, Durban.
  12. Hahn, G., 1996. Pathogenic bacteria of raw milk situation and significance. Proceedings of Bacteriological Quality of Raw Milk, March 3-15, IDF, Brussels (Belgium), pp: 67-83.
  13. Han, B.Z., B. Sesenna, R.R. Beumer and M.J.R. Nout, 2005. Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus during sufu production at laboratory scale. Food Control, 16: 243-247.
    CrossRef
  14. Harrigan, W.F. and M.C. MeCance, 1976. Laboratory Methods in Food and Dairy Microbiology. Academic Press, London.
  15. Holsinger, V.H., K.T. Rajkowski and J.R. Stabel, 1997. Milk pasteurization and safety: A brief history and update. Rev. Sci. Technol., 16: 441-451.
    PubMedDirect Link
  16. Houghtby, G.A., L.J. Maturin and E.K. Koenig, 1992. Microbiological Count Methods. In: Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, Marshall, R.T. (Ed.). 16th Edn., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780875532080, pp: 213-246.
  17. Jeffery, D.C. and J. Wilson, 1987. Effect of mastitis related bacteria on total bacterial count of bulk milk supplies. J. Soc. Dairy Technol., 40: 23-26.
  18. Olson, J.C. and G. Mocquot, 1980. Milk and Milk Product. In: International commission on microbiological specification for foods, NY., (Ed.). Microbial ecology of foods: Food commodities, Acad. Press pp: 470- 490.
  19. Richter, R.L., R.A. Ledford and S.C. Murphy, 1992. Milk and Milk Products. In: Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination Of Foods, Vanderzant, C. and D.F. Splittstoesser (Eds.). 3rd Edn., Am. Public Health Assoc, Washington DC pp: 837-838.
  20. Supino, M.T., M. Gallo, G. Capo, C. Morena, G. Durnate and G. Galiero, 2004. Buffalo milk produced in the province of Salerno: Evaluation of sanitary and product parameters Bubalus bubalis. CAB Abs., 10: 22-26.
    Direct Link
  21. Thomas, S.B., R.G. Druce and M. Jones, 1971. Influence of production conditions on the bacteriological quality of refrigerating farm bulk tank milk-a review. J. Applied Bacteriol., 34: 659-677.
  22. Andrews, D., 1992. Manual of Food Quality Control Microbiological Analysis. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

Search

Related Articles

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *