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Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences

Year: 2004 | Volume: 7 | Issue: 9 | Page No.: 1577-1585
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Research Article

Algal Blooms in Surface Waters of the Sinop Bay in the Black Sea, Turkey

Muhammet Turkoglu and Tufan Koray

ABSTRACT

During the investigation period of August-1995 and July-1996, 22 algal species reached numerical densities exceeding 1.0x105 cells L-1 and it has been produced 17 mono-specific blooms by 11 of them reached values of the order of 1.0x106 cells L-1 (one of them exceeding 1.0x107 cells L-1) in surface waters of the Sinop Bay. A monthly average of cell number has been estimated as 7.1x106 cells L-1 in the surface waters. In the diatom communities, subsequent blooms were dominated by Nitzschia longissima (5.2x106 cells L-1) and Cheatoceros danicum (2.7x106 cells L-1) in January, Ditylum brightwelli (7.6 x105 cells L-1) in March, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (9.0x107 cells L-1) in April, Cylindrotheca closterium (7.4x106 cells L-1) in early July, Rhizosolenia calcar-avis (1.7x106 cells L-1) and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (1.2x106 cells L-1) in late July and mid-August. Subsequent blooms in the dinoflagellate communities were dominated by Heterocapsa triquedra (1.0x106 cells L-1) and Protoperidinium depressum (1.0x105 cells L-1 ) in March , Protoperidinium granii (4.8x105 cells L-1) and Scripsiella trochoidea (7.8x105 cells L-1) in June, Prorocentrum balticum (9.0x106 cells L-1) and Prorocentrum compressum (4.6x105 cells L-1) in mid-July, Gonyaulax polyedra (1.4x105 cells L-1) in June, Prorocentrum micans (7.2x105 cells L-1), Prorocentrum minimum, Protoceratium  aerolatum, Protoperidinium  longipes (2.0x105 cells L-1) in mid-August and Prorocentrum aporum (1.0x106 cells L-1) in December. The highest cell numbers of prymnesiophyte Emiliania huxleyi (5.9x106cells L-1) was observed in mid-July. Results showed that the declines of diatoms were followed by increases of dinoflagellates. Dinoflagellates began to increase in late-March, reached a maximum in Mid-July and gradually declined towards October. In contrast to the diatom, dinoflagellates dominated mid-spring, late summer and mid-winter populations, dinoflagellate blooms showed more pronounced in late  spring and mid-summer. The mean of cell numbers of total phytoplankton in surface waters was high in April (3.4x107 cells L-1) and July (1.3x107 cells L-1), while was low in February (9.0x105 cells L-1), respectively. A list of excessive and potential excessive phytoplankton species together with numerical densities were prepared. Changes in number and density of algal blooms during the year were also discussed in relation to the physico-chemical features of the water column.
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