Submit Manuscript

Journal of Biological Sciences

Year: 2006 | Volume: 6 | Issue: 3 | Page No.: 547-554
Facebook Twitter Digg Reddit Linkedin StumbleUpon E-mail
Research Article

Physiological Responses of Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) To Foliar Application of Morphactin CF125 and Indole-3-butyric Acid

A.A. Amin, El-Sh. M. Rashad and Fatma A.E. Gharib

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was conducted for two successive seasons during (2004/2005) at the Shalakan Experimental Station, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of morphactin (CF125), indole-3-butyric acid and their interaction at the concentrations of 0.0, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1 in every case, on vegetative growth characteristics, yield and yield components as well as some bio-chemical constituents of maize grains. Foliar application of morphactin or indole-3-butyric acid had significant effect in increasing plant height, number of leaves/plant, stem diameter, Leaf Area (LA), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), flag leaf area, specific leaf weight, total dry weight/plant, as well as photosynthetic pigments at different stages of growth as compared with those of the control. Moreover, morphactin at 25 mg L-1 and indole-3-butyric acid at 100 mg L-1 recorded the maximum responses in most growth parameters at the three physiological stages of growth. Yield and yield components, i.e., ear length, ear diameter, number of grains/row, number of rows/ear, 100 grains weight, grain yield/plant, grain yield/fed., harvest index and shelling percentage as well as crude protein, total carbohydrates and oil percentage were also significantly increased by the increase of morphactin and indole-3-butyric acid concentrations up to 100 mg L-1 in maize plants as compared to untreated plants and other treatments. Data suggest that indole-3-butyric acid, morphactin and their interaction play a significant role in determining total yield in maize plants and that increasing their concentrations up to 100 mg L-1 result in increase total grain yield/fed (46.70, 43.55%) and oil yield/fed (72.72, 63.63%) at 100 mg L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid and morphactin, respectively as compared to control. Generally, foliar application of maize plants cv., single cross 10 with morphactin and indole-3-butyric acid at 100 mg L-1 singly or together with 50 mg L-1 of morphactin were the most effective treatments to get better results in increasing growth characteristics, yield and its components in addition to some metabolic constituents of maize grains. The increase in growth processes associated with these treatments are the consequence of a number of effects on the major physiological processes of plant like photosynthesis.
PDF References Citation

REFERENCES

  1. Abdel-Gawad, A.A, K.A. El-Shouny, S.A. Saleh and M.A. Ahmed, 1980. The relation between the efficiency of leaf surface and the growth of some wheat cultivars in Egypt. Res. Bull., 1412: 1-17.
  2. Ali, Z.A., A.A. Amin, M.S.A. Abd-El Wahed and El-Sh. M. Rashad, 2003. Growth, yield and anatomical structure of maize plants as affected by foliar application with morphactin CF125. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 28: 3453-3468.
  3. Ali, Z.A., E.R. El-Desoki, R.P. El-Masry and S.I. Omara, 1994. Effect of morphactin CF125 on the anatomical structure of Vicia faba L. Ann. Agric. Sci. Moshl., 32: 875-888.
  4. AOAC., 1988. Official Methods of Analysis. 21st Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC. USA.
  5. Baraldi, R., G. Bertazza, S. Predieri, A.M. Bregolo and J.D. Cohen, 1993. Uptake and metabolism of indole-3-butyric acid during the in vitro rooting phase in pear cultivars (Pyrus communis). Acta Hortic., 329: 289-291.
  6. Bremner, P.M. and M.A. Taha, 1966. Studies in potato agronomy. I. The effects of variety, seed size and spacing on growth, development and yield. J. Agric. Sci., 66: 241-252.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  7. Bruce, A.P., 1990. The use of plant growth regulators to enhance yield and production efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L.). Dissertation Abst. International. B. Sci. Eng., 51: 2678-2678.
  8. Chhun, T., S. Takcta, S. Tsurumi and I. Masahiko, 2003. The effects of auxin on lateral root initiation and root gravitropism in a lateral rootless mutant lrt 1 of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regul., 39: 161-170.
    Direct Link
  9. Chhun, T., S. Takcta, S. Tsurumi and I. Masahiko, 2004. Different behaviour of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid in stimulating lateral root development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regul., 43: 135-143.
    Direct Link
  10. Day, J.S., B.R. Loveys and D. Aspinall, 1994. Manipulation of flowering and vegetative growth of brown boronia (Boronia megatigma Nees.) and white myrtle (hypocalymma angustifolium endl) using plant growth regulators. Sci. Hardi., 56: 300-320.
  11. DuBois, M., K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Rebers and F. Smith, 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem., 28: 350-356.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  12. Dybing, C.D. and C. Lay, 1982. Oil and protein in field crop with morphactin and other growth regulators for senescence delay. Crop Sci., 22: 1054-1058.
    Direct Link
  13. Dybing, C.D. and C. Lay, 1982. Growth regulators that alter oil content and quality. Plant Growth Regul. Bull., 10: 9-12.
  14. Dybing, C.D. and G.L. Yarrow, 1984. Morphactin effects on soybean leaf anatomy and chlorophyll content. J. Plant Growth Regul., 3: 9-21.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  15. El-Bassiouny, H.M.S., 1992. Physiological studies on the effect of morphactin substance (Chlorflurenol) on sunflower plant (Helianthus annus L.). Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science Ain. Shams. Uni. Cairo, Egypt.
  16. El-Desoki, E.R., S.I. Omara, Z.A. Ali and R.R. El-Morsy, 1994. Effect of morphactin in CF125 on growth and development of Vicia faba L. and Orobanche crenata Fork. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Uni., 19: 1691-1699.
  17. El-Masry, R.R., A.A. Zakria, R.E. Ebrahim, I.O. Sedh, A.H. Pieterse, J.A.C. Verkleij and S.J. Dorg, 1994. Some aspects on the effect of chlorflurenol (Morphactin CF125 ) on the host parasite relationship between Vicia faba L. and Orobanche crenata. Forsk. Biology and management of Orobanche. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Orobanche and Related Striga Research, Nov. 8-12, Amesterdam, Netherland, pp: 580-585.
  18. Epstein, E. and J. Ludwing-Muller, 1993. Indole-3-butyric acid in plants: Occurrence, synthesis, metabolism and transport. Physiol. Plant., 88: 382-389.
    Direct Link
  19. Jain, V.K. and D. Mukherjee, 1981. The influence of morphactin on amino acids, Keto acids, chlorophylls and proteins in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum. Plant Biochem. J., 7: 54-62.
  20. Krishnamoorthy, H.N., 1981. Plant Growth Substances. Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
  21. Lord, D., H.P. Tberrien and P.A. Dube, 1985. Effects a morphactin chorflurenol II. 3456, on the growth and gas exchange in sunflower c.v. kransnodarets. Can. J. Plant Sci., 65: 533-542.
  22. Ludwig-Muller, J., 2000. Indole-3-butyric acid in plant growth and development. Plant Growth Regul., 32: 219-230.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  23. Ludwig-Muller, J., S. Sass, E.G. Sutter, M. Wodner and E. Epstein, 1993. Indole-3-butyric acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Growth Regulation, 13: 179-187.
    CrossRef
  24. Mahanta, P. and C.M. Sarma, 1996. Effect of morphactin on mobilization of cotyledon reserve during early seedling growth of tea (Comellia sinensis L.). Adv. Plant Sci., 9: 199-201.
  25. Nepalia, V., A.K. Vyas, K.K. Bora, M. Sudha and S. Mathur, 1996. Effect of phosphorus and growth regulators in blackgram (Phoseolus mungo). Indian J. Agron., 41: 336-337.
  26. Pearce, R., G.E. Carlson, D.K. Barnes, R.H. Host and C.H. Hasson, 1969. Specific leaf weight and photosynthesis in alfalfa. Crop Sci., 9: 423-426.
    Direct Link
  27. Ramdas, K.S., A.S. Prabhakar and R. Prithvi, 1972. Preliminary note on the response of cotton to foliar application of nitrogen phosphorus and hormones. Andhre. Agric. J., 18: 97-97.
  28. Saric, M., R. Katrori, R. Curic, T. Cupina and I. Gric, 1967. Chlorophyll determination. Univerzitet U. Noveon Sadu Praktikum iz Fiziologize Biljaka-beograd, Hauena Anjiga, pp: 215.
  29. Sawan, Z.M., 1978. Effect of application system of nitrogen and some growth regulators on the Egyptian cotton. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty Agriculture Al-Azhar University.
  30. Sawan, Z.M., El-S. H.M. Hefni and A.A. El-Farra, 1980. Effect of indole-3-butyric acid on yield physical and chemical characteristies of cotton seed. Egypt. J. Agron., 5: 75-83.
  31. Shafey, S.A., M.S.A. Salem, H.E. Yassien and O.M.S. Harb, 1994. Effect of indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) on growth and yield of some Egyptian wheat varieties. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 19: 4113-4120.
  32. Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran, 1980. Statistical Methods. 7th Edn., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA., ISBN-13: 9780813815602, Pages: 507.
    Direct Link
  33. Sundberg, B., H. Tuominen and C.H.A. Little, 1994. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport inhibitors N-1-N naphthylphthalamic acid and morphactin on endogenous IAA dynamics in relation to compression wood formation in 1 year old Pinus sylvestris L. shoots. Plant Physiol., 106: 469-476.
    Direct Link
  34. Watson, D.J., 1952. The physiological basis of variation in yield. Adv. Agron., 4: 101-145.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  35. Watson, D.J., 1958. The dependence of net assimilation rate on leaf-area index. Ann. Bot. N.S., 22: 37-54.
    Direct Link
  36. Wiesman, Z., J. Riov and E. Epstein, 1988. Comparison of movement and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid in mung bean cuttings. Physiol. Plant, 74: 556-560.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  37. Zayed, E.A., A.I. El-Zawily, E.S. Nofal and M. Hassan, 1985. Studies on growth, productivity and physiological aspects of hot pepper (Capsicum anmam L. variety red cherry) 1: Effect of morphactin, gibberellic acid and their combination. J. Agric. Sci., Mans Univ., 10: 183-190.

Related Articles

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *