Submit Manuscript

Journal of Biological Sciences

Year: 2004 | Volume: 4 | Issue: 4 | Page No.: 559-563
Facebook Twitter Digg Reddit Linkedin StumbleUpon E-mail
Research Article

First Report on the Identification of Nodularin from King Talal Reservoir (Jordan)

S. Al-Jassabi and A.M. Khalil

ABSTRACT

The aim of present study was to investigate Nodularia spumigena blooms intensity and their toxin concentration and biochemical characters in King Talal Reservoir. The time of the seasonal maximum intensity of this type of cyanobacterial blooms vary significantly from month to month during 2003. The maximum intensity of the bloom was from 30th of July-30th of Aug. The LD50 of nodularin in Balb/C mice was 44 μg kg-1 body weight (b.w.) and the maximum concentrations of nodularin in King Talal Reservoir water were 0.455 μg L-1 on 30th of July, 0.46 μg L-1 on 1st Aug and 0.45 μg L-1 on 30th of Aug. Therefore, it is considered as a potent biotoxin. By using NMR, it has shown that the structure of this peptide is similar to that found by others in other places of the world and biochemical studies on this toxin showed that more than 50% inhibition of PP1 occurred at these concentrations.
PDF References Citation

Search

REFERENCES

  1. Moore, R.E., G. Rocop, S.W. Chisholm, 1998. Physiology and molecular phylogeny of coexisting Prochlorococcus ecotypes. Nature, 393: 464-467.
  2. Patterson, G.M.L., L.K. Larsen and R.E. Moore, 1994. Bioactive natural products from blue-green algae. J. Applied Phycol., 6: 151-157.
  3. Moore, R.E., T.H. Corbertt, G.M. Patterson, F.A. Valeriote, 1996. The search for new antitumor drugs from blue-green algae. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2: 317-330.
  4. Beattie, K.A., K. Kaya, G.A. Codd, 2000. The cyanobacterium Nodularia PCC 7804 of freshwater origin, produces nodularin. Phytochem., 54: 57-61.
  5. Hallegraeff, G.M., D.M. anderson., A.D. Cembella, 2003. Manual on harmful marine microalgae, monographs on oceanographic methodology. Paris United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, pp: 303-374.
  6. Harada, K.I., 1995. Chemistry and Detection of Microcystins. Toxic Microcystis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York, London, Tokyo, pp: 103-143.
  7. Harada, K.I., K. Tsuji, M.F. Watanabe, F. Kondo, 1996. Stability of microcystins from cyanobacteria, effect of pH and temperature. Phycologia, 35: 83-88.
  8. Lehtimaki, K., J. Rapala, M. Fardig, M. Niemela, K. Sivonen, 1997. Persistence of cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR, in particulate material and dissolved in lake water. Water Res., 31: 1005-1012.
  9. Choi, B.W., M. Namikoshi, F. Sun, K.L. Reinhart and W.W. Carmichael et al., 1993. Isolation of linear peptides related to the hepatotoxins nodularin and microcystins. Tetrahedron Lett., 34: 7881-7884.
  10. Ding, W.X. and C.N. Ong, 2003. Role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial changes in cyanobacteria-induced apoptosis and hepatotoxicity. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 220: 1-7.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  11. Ding, W.X., H.M. Shen and C.N. Ong, 2000. Microcystic cyanobacteria extract induces cytoskeletal disruption and intracellular glutathione alteration in hepatocytes. Environ. Health Perspect., 108: 605-609.
  12. Mazur, H. and M. Plinski, 2003. Nodularia spumigena blooms and the occurrence of hepatotoxin in the Gulf of Gdansk. Oceanologia, 45: 305-316.
  13. Ohta, T., E. Sueoka, N. Iida, A. Komori., W.W. Carmichael and H. Fujiki, 1994. Nodularin, a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, is a new environmental carcinogen in male F 344 rat liver. Cancer Res., 54: 6402-6406.
  14. Sakar, M.L., B.A. Neilan and D.J. Griffiths, 1999. Two morphological forms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii isolated from Solmon Dam, Palmisl and Queensl. J. Phycol., 35: 599-606.
  15. Paczuska, L. and A. Kosakowska, 2003. Is iron a limiting factor of Nodularia spumigena blooms. Oceanologia, 45: 679-692.
  16. Lee, T., Y. Chen and H. Chou, 1999. Toxicity assay of cyanobacterial strains using Artemia salina in comparison with mouse bioassay. Acta Zool. Taiwan, 10: 1-9.
  17. An, J. and W.W. Carmichael, 1994. Use of a colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition linked immunosorbent assay for the study of microcystins and nodularins. Toxicon, 32: 1495-1507.
    PubMedDirect Link
  18. Annila, A., J. Lehtimaki, K. Mattila, J.E. Eriksson, K. Sivonen and T. Drakenberg, 1996. Solution structure of nodularin. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 16695-16702.
  19. Falconer, I.R., J. Bartram, I. Chorus, T.K. Goodman and G.A. Codd, 1999. Safe Level and Safe Practices. In: Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water a Guide to their Public Health Consequences Monitoring and Management, Chorus, I. and J. Bartram (Eds.). WHO., London, pp: 155-178.
  20. Lehtimaki, K., 2000. Characterization of cyanobacterial strains originating from the Baltic sea with emphasis on Nodularia and its toxin nodularin. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Helsinki, Finland.
  21. Carmichael, W.W., 1992. A status report of planktonic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and their toxins. United States Environmental Protection Agency/600/R-92/079, pp: 32-33.

Search

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *