Laila, E. Abdel Nasser
Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Adel, E. Abdel Aal
Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
ABSTRACT
The results of experiment I showed that inhibition of root growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Giza 157) plants transferred to boron-free medium coincided with a major decrease in the ascorbate concentration of root. Under low-boron concentration, in which root growth was partially inhibited, ascorbate concentration declined in proportion to growth rate. Furthermore, the decline in ascorbate concentration was not related to ascorbate free radical (AFR) and dehydroascorbate (DHA) as well as ascorbate oxidase in boron-deficient root. Boron deficiency caused a substantial decrease in leaf area, shoot and particularly root weights and as a consequence a strikingly higher shoot/root ratio compared to boron sufficient plants was obtained. In experiment II, it was found that the proportion of total boron partitioned in different organs was on average, leaves contained 70 % of the total boron content in the whole plant compared to 20 % in the roots and 10 % in the stems. One of the most important effects caused by boron deficiency was the decrease in the nitrate content and some cations such as magnesium, calcium and especially, potassium in the leaf, but nitrate content decreased in a higher proportion than these cations. Nitrate reductase (NR) and ATPase activity of boron-deficient plants was also declined and this decline did not occur in boron-sufficient plants. Moreover, boron deficient plants had much higher starch contents and an appreciable accumulation of hexoses and sucrose in the leaves than boron-sufficient ones. Soluble sugars might correct the osmotic imbalance elicited by the low content of nitrate and cations in plants subjected to boron deficiency. In experiment III, data showed that under boron deficiency, the number of grains was 18 per ear and sterility of competent florets was 96 % compared to 44 per ear and 46 % respectively under sufficient-boron plants.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Laila, E. Abdel Nasser and Adel, E. Abdel Aal, 2002. Effect of Boron Deficiency on Some Physiological and Biochemical Aspects During the Developmental Stages of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant. Journal of Biological Sciences, 2: 470-476.
DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2002.470.476
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jbs.2002.470.476
DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2002.470.476
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jbs.2002.470.476
REFERENCES
- Aslam, M., A. Oaks and R.C. Huffaker, 1976. Effect of light and glucose on the induction of nitrate reductase and on the distribution of nitrate in etiolated barley leaves. Plant Physiol., 58: 588-591.
Direct Link - Barr, R., M. Bottger and F.L. Crane, 1993. The effect of boron on plasma membrane electron transport and associated proton secretion by cultured carrot cells. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 31: 31-39.
Direct Link - Blevins, D.G. and K.M. Lukaszewski, 1998. Boron in plant structure and function. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 49: 481-500.
CrossRefDirect Link - Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248-254.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Camacho-Cristobal, J.J. and A. Gonzales-Fontes, 1999. Boron deficiency causes a drastic decrease in nitrate content and nitrate reductase and increases the content of carbohydrates in leaves from tobacco plants. Planta, 209: 528-536.
Direct Link - Cheng, C.H. and B. Rerkasem, 1993. Effects of boron on pollen viability in wheat. Plant Soil, 156: 313-315.
CrossRef - De Andrade, J.C., M. Ferreira, N. Baccan and O.C. Bataglia, 1988. Spectrophotometric determination of boron in plants using monosegmented continuous flow analysis. Analyst, 113: 289-293.
Direct Link - De Cabo, R.C., J.A. Gonzales-Reyes and P. Navas, 1993. The onset of cell proliferation is stimulated by ascorbate free radical in onion root primordia. Biol. Cell, 77: 231-233.
Direct Link - Esaka, M., J. Imagi, K. Suzuli and K. Kubota, 1988. Formation of ascorbate oxidase in cultured pumokin cells. Plant Cell Physiol., 29: 231-235.
Direct Link - Goldbach, H.E., D. Hartmann and T. Rotzer, 1990. Boron is required for the ferricyanide-induced proton release by auxins in suspension cultured cells of Daucus carota and Lycopersicon esculentum. Plant Physiol., 80: 114-118.
Direct Link - Gonzales-Reyes, J.A., F.J. Alkain, J.A. Caler, A. Serrano, F. Cordoba and P. Navas, 1994. Relationship between apoplastic ascorbate regeneration and the stimulation of root growth in Allium cepa L. Plant Sci., 100: 23-29.
Direct Link - Hu, H. and P.H. Brown, 1994. Localization of boron in cell walls of squash and tobacco and its association with pectin (Evidence for a structural role of boron in the cell wall). Plant Physiol., 105: 681-689.
Direct Link - Hu, H., P.H. Brown and J.M. Labavitch, 1996. Species variability in boron requirement is correlated with cell wall pectin. J. Exp. Bot., 47: 227-232.
Direct Link - Kobayashi, M., T. Matoh and J. Azuma, 1996. Two chains of rhamnoga-lacturonan II are cross-linked by borate-diol ester bonds in higher plants cell walls. Plant Physiol., 110: 1017-1020.
Direct Link - Lin, L.S. and J.E. Varner, 1991. Expression of ascorbic acid oxidase in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L). Plant Physiol., 96: 159-165.
Direct Link - Liso, R., G. Calabrese, M.B. Bitoni and O. Arrigoni, 1984. Relationship between ascorbic acid and cell division. Exp. Cell Res., 150: 314-314.
PubMed - Lukaszewski, K.M. and D.G. Blevins, 1996. Root growth inhibition in boron-deficient or aluminum stressed squash may be a result of impaired ascorbate metabolism. Plant Physiol., 112: 1135-1140.
Direct Link - Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Edn., Academic Press Ltd., London, New York, ISBN-13: 978-0124735439, Pages: 889.
Direct Link - Matoh, T., K.I. Ishigaki, O. Kaori and J.I. Azuma, 1993. Isolation and characterization of a boron-polysaccharide complex from radish roots. Plant Cell Physiol., 34`: 639-642.
Direct Link - Mondy, N.I. and C.B. Munshi, 1993. Effect of boron on enzymatic discoloration and phenolic and ascorbic acid content of potatoes. J. Agric. Food Chem., 41: 554-556.
Direct Link - Morre, D.J., F.L. Crane, I.L. Sun and P. Navas, 1987. The role of ascorbate in biomembrane energetics. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 498: 153-171.
PubMed - Murata, T., T.T. Akazawa and F. Skikiko, 1968. Enzymic mechanism of starch breakdown in germinating rice seeds. Plant Physiol., 43: 1899-1908.
Direct Link - Subedi, K.D., P.J. Gregory, R.J. Summerfield and M.J. Gooding, 1998. Cold temperatures and boron deficiency caused grain set failure in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field Crops Res., 57: 277-288.
Direct Link