MATERIALS AND METHODS

Plant materials: C. tiglium seeds, were collected from its natural habitat in Tamiang layang and Muara Teweh forest, in the boundary of South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan.

Instrument and general procedures: Gas Chromatography (GC) (Shimadzu-GC-HP 6890 Series), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010), magnetic stirer, buchner funnel, filter paper, analitical balance, candle jar, candle, swap, blender, centrifuse, ice box, stirer, autoclave, incubator, laminar flow, microscope, object glass, micro pippet, magnifying glass, petridish, colony counter, reaction tube, sterilized bottle and measurement flask.

GC and GCMS experiment conditions
Determining moisture content and proximate analysis: Determining the moisture content was done on its weight based on its drying porcelain plate at temperature above 100°C for 30 min. After it cooled down in exicator, then was weighed. Materials that have been weighed were put into the porcelain and dried in an oven at 105°C for 2 h.

Proximate analysis was conducted for ash, fat, protein, fiber and carbohydrate contents.

Preparation of C. tiglium seeds organic-soluble extracts: The seed is refined, sun-dried and grinded into powder. About 200 g powdered seeds were extracted continuously by masseration using hexane solvent (3x1 L) and evaporated at 35°C to yield the hexane-soluble extract. The residues (5 g) were masserated with 50 mL ethanol for 24 h, repeated for 3 times and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated and sticky ethanol-soluble extract was obtained. The sticky extract was dried using vacuum-oven at 35°C.

Phytochemical analysis: Phytochemical analysis was conducted to explore the secondary metabolites, such as, alkaloid, quinone, flavonoid, saponin, tanin and triterpenoid, based on an established procedure (Harborne, 1973).

GC-MS identification of secondary metabolites: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to identify seed components of hexane- and ethanol-soluble extracts. About 1 μL of each extract was is injected into GC-MS column inlet port and was analysed using instrument standard procedure resulted the Total Ion Chromatogram and GC-MS ion spectra (Ubhaysekera et al., 2004). Interpretation on mass spectrum GC-MS was conducted using computer database software class 5000 (Shimadzu) and database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST) 12, 62 having more than 62.000 patterns. The retention time indicated the score of every spectrum done by calculation using retention time data from standard n-alkane (C₈-C₂₂) injected with concentration 0.1% at the same condition with sample injection condition.

The spectra then compared to those of pattern spectra available from data base literature. The compound identity was confirmed by comparing Linier Retention Indeces (LRI) of calculation result components with the score of LRI of certain component from the literature. Identified compound can be confirmed if the score of the LRI of the calculation result equal to that of the literature (Ubhaysekera et al., 2004).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of moisture and proximate analysis showed that the seed of C. tiglium contained highest fat level up to 40.01%, while ash content only 14%. The seeds major constituents were fat, protein and carbohydrate. The results is showed in Fig. 1.

The phytochemical analysis data indicated that the seeds containing various secondary metabolites, such as, alkaloid, flavonoid and saponin as showed in Table 1.

The hexane-soluble extract contained less various components. Most of the compounds were fatty acids.

Fig. 1:	Moisture and proximate analysis results

Fig. 2:	Chromatogram GC on fatty acid from C. tiglium seeds

Table 1:	Result phytochemical analysis of C. tiglium seeds
-: unknown, +: little, ++: sufficient, +++: much

It is likely, that the laxative potentials as traditional application of the seeds are probably the ethanol-soluble extracts containing alkaloids, flavonoids or saponins (Hutapea, 1994).

Fatty acid gas chromatogram (GC) of the hexane-soluble extract of C. tiglium seed showed 17 peaks with 8 identified peaks in various percentage of fatty acid degree, show in Fig. 2.

Table 2 showed that linoleic acid is the highest component up to 43.67% followed by oleic acid and myristic acid with 19.98 and 7.64%, respectively.

Based on GC-MS library search data, the hexane-soluble extract showed 32 constituents as presented in Fig. 3. The main components were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid appeared at retention time (rt.) 73.163 min. Octadec-9-enoic acid appeared at rts 73.498, 9,12-actadecadienoic acid 70.721, hexadecanoic acid and unknown compounds rts. 65.005, 65.132 and 65.241, octadecanoic acid and unknown compounds rts. 56.967, 57.442 and 56.561, 9-octadecenoic acid, rt. 71.130 min, respectively.

The mass spectrums that gave the major compount with Mol Weight (MW) 294.

Fig. 3:	GC-MS chromatogram of hexane-soluble extract

Fig. 4:	Mass spectrum hexane-soluble extract of F27 from C.tiglium

Fig. 5:	GC-MS total ion chromatogram of ethanol-soluble extract

Table 2:	Fatty acids content of C.tiglium (Hexane extract) and yield in the seeds

Figure 4 show chromatogram mass spectrum of F27 from hexane-soluble extract of C. tiglium seeds. The major compound according to MS data F29 is predicted as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid is suggested to be a essential fatty acid and use in cosmetic as emolient for dry skin (Dictionary of Natural Products, 1982).

GC-MS total ion chromatogram of the ethanol-soluble extract showed 25 major peaks, indicating its secondary metabolite constituents, as showed at Fig. 5. Some of trace components were also still containing 11,14-Eicosadienoic acid rt. 72.567, octadec-9-enoic acid rt. 72.952, tetradecanoic acid rt. 57.235, 11-eicosenoic acid rt. 58.059, the unknown, rts. 51.625 and 51.893, hexadecanoic acid rt. 65.077, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, rt. 65.907 and the unknown rt. 60.391, 9-ocatadecenoic acid rt. 74.192 the unknown, rt. 66.858, eicosenoic acid, 61.657, the unknown rt. 57.400, dodecanoic acid rt. 48.911 and decanoic acid rt. 40.127 mins, respectively, indicating that the hexane extraction of the seeds of our experimental work, were not able completely to extract the fatty acid contents of the seeds.

Fig. 6:	Mas spectrum ethanol-soluble extract of F10 from C. tiglium

The mass spectrums that gave the major compount with MW 228. Figure 6 show chromatogram mass spectrum of F10 from ethanol-soluble extract of C. tiglium seeds. According to mass spectrums data F10 is predicted as Tetradecanoic acid.