M. S. Babiker
Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Gezira, Sudan
ABSTRACT
Groundnut meal is used commercially as the main protein source for poultry diets in Sudan. Because of the higher price and scarcity of groundnut meal from time to time this study has been carried out to find alternative protein resources for poultry diets. Also, to contribute to the feed supply and to solve the problem of the limited availability of poultry feedstuffs in Sudan; Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fibre (CF), fat, Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE), Metabolizable Energy (ME); mineral content and amino acids composition have been determined for some non-conventional and local feed resources. Groundnut cake, sesame cake and sunflower cake had high CP contents (53.44, 44.42 and 31.57%) respectively, whereas baobab seed cake (Adansonia digitata L) had the lowest value (15.01%) among all plant samples. The highest ash value was recorded with earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) sample (43.5%) followed by Moleita Baladi (Sonchus oleraceus) (22.53%) and sesame cake (14.15%). Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves had the highest ME (12.39 and 11.88 MJ/kg), respectively. The greatest CF was observed with cotton seed cake (29.6%). The highest calcium percentage among all seeds cakes was recorded with sesame seed cake (1.93%). Moringa leaves had the greatest calcium value among the rest of the determined samples (2.70%). Sesame cake was the best sample for the phosphorus content (1.17%). The highest values of cooper, zinc and manganese were 109.86, 151.17 and 268.73 mg/kg, respectively. Those values were observed with earthworm. Sesame cake had the greatest value of methionine among all samples (1.29%), while baobab seed cake had the lowest one (0.19%). Earthworm and groundnut cake had the greatest lysine content 2.56 and 1.82%, respectively. Most of determined amino acids were above than 1% in all tested oil seed cakes. Although the amino acids contents in all tested samples were proportionally high, some of the samples had deficiency in particular amino acids. These results encourage the inclusion of several protein resources to avoid the amino acids deficiency when poultry diets are formulated. This study indicated that these non-conventional and local feed resources can be used in poultry diets in Sudan, but because of the presence of secondary compounds, the amount of the feedstuffs used should be decided through further research.
PDF References
How to cite this article
M. S. Babiker, 2012. Chemical Composition of Some Non-Conventional and Local Feed Resources for Poultry in Sudan. International Journal of Poultry Science, 11: 283-287.
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2012.283.287
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2012.283.287
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2012.283.287
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2012.283.287
REFERENCES
- Ali, S.A.M., H.O. Abdalla and M.A. Abasaid, 2011. Sunflower meal as an alternative protein source to groundnut meal in laying hens rations. Egypt Poult. Sci., 31: 745-753.
Direct Link - Ayssiwede, S.B., J.C. Zanmenou, Y. Issa, M.B. Hane and A. Dieng et al., 2011. Nutrient composition of some unconventional and local feed resources available in senegal and recoverable in indigenous chickens or animal feeding. Pak. J. Nutr., 10: 707-717.
CrossRefDirect Link - Babiker, M.S., C. Kijora, S.A. Abbas and J. Danier, 2009. Nutrient composition of main poultry feed ingredients used in sudan and their variations from local standard tables values. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 8: 355-358.
CrossRefDirect Link - Batal, A., N. Dale and M. Cafe, 2005. Nutrient composition of peanut meal. J. Applied Poult. Res., 14: 254-257.
CrossRef - Costa, E.F., B.R. Miller, G.M. Pesti, R.I. Bakalli and H.P. Ewing, 2001. Studies on feeding peanut meal as a protein source for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 80: 306-313.
Direct Link - Kakengi, A.M.V., J.T. Kaijage, S.V. Sarwatt, S.K. Mutayoba, M.N. Shem and T. Fujihara, 2007. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a substitute for sunflower seed meal on performance of laying hens in Tanzania. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 19.
Direct Link - Lordelo, M.M., S.A. Shaaban, N.M. Dale, M.C. Calhoun, P.F. Vendrel and A.J. Davis, 2008. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of free gossypol in cotton seed meal. J. Applied Poult. Res., 17: 243-248.
CrossRef - Madsen, M., J. Schlundt and E.F.E. Omer, 1987. Effect of water coagulated by seeds of Moringa oleifera oubacterial concentrations. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 90: 101-109.
PubMedDirect Link - Michel, J.N. and M.L. Sunde, 1985. Sunflower meals in pullet developer diets. Poult. Sci., 64: 669-674.
CrossRefDirect Link - Mukhopadhyay, N. and A.K. Ray, 1999. Effect of fermentation on the nutritive value of sesame seed meal in the diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings. Aquacult. Nutr., 5: 229-236.
CrossRef - Nagalakshmi, D., S.V. Rama Rao, A.K. Panda and V.R.B. Sastry, 2007. Cottonseed meal in poultry diets: A review. J. Poult. Sci., 44: 119-134.
CrossRefDirect Link - NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780309048927, Pages: 176.
Direct Link - Olugbemi, T.S., S.K. Mutayoba and F.P. Lekule, 2010. Effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) inclusion in cassava based diets fed to broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 363-367.
CrossRefDirect Link - Reid, B.L., S. Galaviz-Moreno and P.M.A. Maiorino, 1984. A comparison of glandless and regular cottonseed meals for laying hens. Poult. Sci., 63: 1803-1809.
CrossRef - Singh, K.S. and C.M. Parasad, 1979. Feeding value of sunflower and groundnut cakes for broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 4: 143-159.
Direct Link - Villamide, M.J. and L.D. San Juan, 1998. Effect of chemical composition of sunflower seed meal on its true metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility. Poult. Sci., 77: 1884-1892.
Direct Link - Watkins, S.E., J.T. Skinner, M.H. Adams and P.W. Waldroup, 1994. An evaluation of low-gossypol cotton seed in diets for broiler chickens 2. Influence of assigned metabolizable energy values and supplementation with essential amino acids on performance. J. Applied Poult. Res., 3: 7-16.
Direct Link
PARMAR VARUNKUMAR NARENDRABHAI Reply
it ia a really good information. I require more information about non- conventional feed use in poultry