Submit Manuscript

International Journal of Poultry Science

Year: 2012 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 2 | Page No.: 125-130
Facebook Twitter Digg Reddit Linkedin StumbleUpon E-mail
Research Article

Effect of Supplemental Electrolytes and Ascorbic Acid on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Raised During High Temperature Period in Nigeria

B.C. Majekodunmi, O.A. Ogunwole and O.A. Sokunbi

ABSTRACT

The effect of supplementing drinking water with sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride and ascorbic acid on feed intake, weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), visceral and immunological organs of broilers reared under natural heat stress was undertaken. A total of 200 day-1 Arbor acre strain chickens were randomly divided into five treatments. Each treatment was in quadruplicate of ten chickens each. Treatment 1 (T1) was the control with water without any supplement while treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had their water supplemented with 0.5% ammonium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride and 300ppm ascorbic acid respectively. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design. Birds given salts (T2, T3 and T4) had lower feed intake (721.5 g, 732.6 g and 730.30 g respectively) compared with their counterparts on Treatments 1 and 5 (735.30 g and 733.10 g respectively) Birds on T3 had significantly improved (p<0.05) weight gain (331.56 g) and lower FCR (2.22). The FCR generally decreased in birds given salts. The visceral and immunological organs were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the treatment except birds on T4 which recorded significantly lower (p<0.05) relative weight of intestine (2.93%), higher weight of bursa of fabricus (0.19%). Conclusively, (0.5%) salts supplementation in water had positive effect on the performance of heat stressed broiler in this experiment.
PDF References Citation

Search

REFERENCES

  1. Balnave, D. and I. Gordon, 1993. role for sodium bicarbonate supplements for growing broilers at high temperatures. World's Poult. Sci. J., 49: 236-241.
    Direct Link
  2. Bashir, I.N., M.A. Muneer, M.A. Saeed, A. Raza and F.K. Raza, 1998. Immunomodulatry effects of water soluble vitamins on heat stressed broiler chickens. Int. J. Anim. Nutr., 15: 11-17.
  3. Borges, S.A., A.V.F. da Silva, J. Ariki, D.M. Hooge and K.R. Cummings, 2003. Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. Poult. Sci., 82: 301-308.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  4. Branton, S.L., F.N. Reece and J.W. Deaton, 1986. Use of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate in acute heat exposure of broilers. Poult. Sci., 65: 1659-1663.
    PubMed
  5. Christophe, C. and Y. Gardin, 2011. Part 1: Bursa of fabricius is a visual indicator. World Poult., Vol: 27.
    Direct Link
  6. Charles, D.R., 2002. Responses to the Thermal Environment. In: Poultry Environment Problems, A Guide to Solutions, Charles, D.A. and A.W. Walter (Eds.). Notyingham University Press, Nottingham, UK., pp: 1-6.
  7. Dibner, J.J., M.L. Kitchell, C.A. Atwell and F.J. Ivey, 1996. The effect of dietary ingredients and age on the microscopic structure of the gastrointestinal tract in poultry. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 5: 70-77.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  8. Dreiling, E.C., F.S. Carman and D.E. Brown, 1991. Maternal endocrine and fetal metabolic responses to heat stress. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 312-327.
    PubMed
  9. Geraert, P.A., 1998. Amino acid nutrition for poultry in hot conditions. Proc. Aust. Poult. Sci. Sym., 10: 26-33.
    Direct Link
  10. Gray, D., D.V. Butcher and M. Richard, 2003. Heat stress management in broilers. Veterinary Medicine Large Animal Clinical Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida.
  11. Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall, 1997. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 9th Edn., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA, pp: 962-965.
  12. Howard, T., R.A. Goodlad, J.R.F. Walters, D. Ford and B.H. Hirst, 2004. Increased expression of specific intestinal amino acid and peptide transporter mRNA in rats fed by TPN is reversed by GLP-2. J. Nutr., 134: 2957-2964.
    Direct Link
  13. Keskin, E. and Z. Durgan, 1997. Effects of supplemental NaHCO3, KCl, CaCl2, NHCl4 and CaSO4 on acid-base balance, weight gain and feed intake in Japanese quails exposed to constant chronic heat stress. Pak. Vet. J., 17: 60-64.
  14. Lin, H., H.C. Jiao, J. Buyse and E. Decuypere, 2006. Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry. World Poult. Sci. J., 62: 71-86.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  15. Lopez, R.B. and R.E. Austic, 1993. The effect of selected minerals on the acid base balance of growing chicks. Poult. Sci., 72: 1054-1062.
    Direct Link
  16. Borges, S.A., A.V.F. da Silva and A. Maiorka, 2007. Acid-base balance in broilers. World's Poult. Sci. J., 63: 73-81.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  17. Mitchell, M.A. and A.J. Carlisle, 1992. The effect of chronic exposure to elevated environmental temperature on intestinal morphology and nutrient absorption in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 101: 137-142.
    CrossRef
  18. Puvadolpirod, S. and J.P. Thaxton, 2000. Model of physiological stress in chicken. 1. Response parameters. Poult. Sci., 79: 363-369.
    PubMed
  19. SAS, 1999. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 8, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
  20. Smith, M.O., 1994. Effect of electrolyte and lighting regimen on growth of heat distressed broilers. Poult. Sci., 73: 350-353.
    PubMed
  21. Spratt, R.S., B.W. McBride, H.S. Bayley and S. Leeson, 1990. Energy metabolism of broiler breeder hens. 2. Contribution of tissues to total heat production in fed and fasted hens. Poul. Sci., 69: 1348-1356.
  22. Stilborn, H.L., G.C. Harris Jr., W.G. Bottje and P.W. Waldroup, 1988. Ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the diet of broilers maintained under heat stress conditions. Poult. Sci., 67: 1183-1187.
    PubMed
  23. Teeter, R.G., 1994. Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers. Poult. Digest, 53: 10-27.
  24. Teeter, R.G., M.O. Smith, F.N. Owens, S.C. Arp, S. Sangiah and J.E. Breazile, 1985. Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis: Occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 64: 1060-1064.
    PubMed
  25. Teeter, R.G. and M.O. Smith, 1986. High ambient temperature stress effects on broiler acid-base balance and their response to supplemental ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and potassium carbonate. Poult. Sci., 65: 1777-1781.
    PubMed
  26. Williams, P., 1996. Vitamin E in the control of heat stress. Rivista di Avicultura, 65: 25-29.
  27. Keskin, E. and Z. Durgun, 1997. Effects of supplemental NaHCO3 KCL, CaCL2, NH4CL and CaSO4, on acid base balance, weight gain and feed intake in Japanese quails exposed to constant chronic heat stress. Pak. Vet. J., 17: 60-64.
    Direct Link
  28. Lecui, Z., L. Sinhua, W. Shubo, H. Sinzheng and L. Yongqing, 1998. Study on the effects of heat stress on the morphology of immune organs of broilers. Chin. J. Vet. Med., 24: 24-25.

Search

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *