ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to evaluate the role of water extract of Nigella sativa on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty male white rats were divided into four experimental groups control, diabetic. N. sativa-treated and N. sativa-treated diabetic. At the end of the experimental period (3 weeks), animals in all three groups were fasted for 12 h and blood samples were taken for the determination of glucose levels, serum concentrations of insulin, glucagon, corticosterone and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH ) in four groups. It was found that water extract of Nigella sativa was investigated for hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and induced significant reduction in serum glucose from (19.83±1.25 Mmol L-1) in diabetic group to (9.7±1.10 Mmol L-1) in N. sativa- treated diabetic group. However the blood glucose still higher than the control and N. sativa- treated group, serum insulin increased from (0.54±0.22 Mu L-1) in control group to (0.65±0.06 Mu L-1) in N. sativa treated group and still higher than control in N. sativa treated diabetic (0.58±0,06 Mu L-1), serum corticosterone increased in diabetic group (580 ± 22.36 nmol L-1 )compared to control group (311±18.42 nmol L-1) and decreased in N. sativa-treated (238±16.53 nmol L-1) and in N. sativa treated diabetic group (378±19.65 nmol L-1) and still higher than control. Serum Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) increased in diabetic group (20.72±2.42 pmol L-1 ) compared to control group (13.82±1.83 pmol L-1) and still lower in N. sativa -treated (10.64±13 pmol L-1) and in N. sativa treated diabetic group (15.42±1.18 pmol L-1) compared to diabetic group. The results suggest the beneficial role of N. sativa as hypoglycemic agents and as a protective effect against pancreatic ß-cells damage from alloxan induced diabetes in rats by decreasing oxidative stress and preserving pancreatic ß -cells integrity and also suggest that the antidiabetic effect of N. sativa may be attributed to increased glucose metabolism by increasing the serum concentration of insulin and inhibited the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Kamal M.S. Mansi, 2006. Effects of Oral Administration of Water Extract of Nigella sativa on the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis in Experimental Diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 104-109.
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2006.104.109
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijp.2006.104.109
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2006.104.109
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijp.2006.104.109
REFERENCES
- Bell, G.I. and K.S. Polonsky, 2001. Diabetes mellitus and genetically programmed defects in β-cell function. Nature, 414: 788-791.
Direct Link - Zimmet, P., K.G.M.M. Alberti and J. Shaw, 2001. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature, 414: 782-787.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Klip, A., A. Marette, D. Dimitrakouids, T. Ramlal and M. Shizq Varnic, 1992. Effect of diabetes on glucoregulation. From glucose transports to glucose metabolism in vivo. Diabetes Care, 15: 1747-1766.
Direct Link - Taskinen, M.R., S. Lahdenpera and M. Syvanne, 1996. New insights into lipid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann. Med., 28: 335-340.
Direct Link - Yabe-Nishimura, C., 1998. Aldose reductase in glucose toxicity: A potential target for the prevention of diabetic complication. Pharmacol. Rev., 50: 21-34.
Direct Link - Brownlee, M., 2001. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature, 414: 813-820.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Saks, D.B., 1997. Implication of the revised criteria for diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Clin. Chem., 43: 2230-2232.
Direct Link - Palmieri, V., J.N. Bella, D.K. Arnett, J.E. Liu and A. Oberman et al., 2001. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on left ventricular geometry and systolic function in hypertensive subjects: Hypertension genetic Epidemiology network Hyper GEN Study. Circulation, 103: 102-107.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Garcia Leme, J., L. Hamamura, R.H. Migliorini and M.P. Leite, 1973. Experimental diabetes and inflammatory reactions in the rat. Agents Actions, 3: 380-381.
CrossRefDirect Link - Garcia Leme, J. and S.P. Farsky, 1993. Hormonal control of inflam- matory response. Mediators of Inflammation, 2: 181-198.
CrossRefDirect Link - Rayfield, E.J., M.J. Ault, G.T. Keusch, M.J. Brothers, C. Nechemias and H. Smith, 1982. Infection and diabetes: The case for glucose control. Am. J. Med., 72: 439-450.
Direct Link - Weitzman, E.D., D. Fukushima, C. Nogeire, H. Roffwarg, T.F. Gallagher and L. Hellman, 1971. Twenty-four-hour pattern of the episodic secretion of cortisol in normal subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 33: 14-22.
Direct Link - Cameron, O.G., Z. Kronfol, J.F. Grenden and B.J. Carroll, 1984. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 41: 1090-1095.
PubMed - Coiro, V., R. Volpi, L. Capretti, G. Speroni and P. Caffarra et al., 1995. Low-dose corticotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation test in diabetes mellitus with or without neuropathy. Metabolism, 44: 538-542.
Direct Link - Roy, M., B. Collier and A. Roy, 1990. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation among diabetic outpatients. Psychiatry Res., 31: 31-37.
Direct Link - Roy, M.S., A. Roy and W.T. Gallucci, 1993. The ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone-stimulation test in type I diabetic patients and controls: Suggestion of mild chronic hypercortisolism. Metabolism, 42: 696-700.
Direct Link - Sapolsky, R.M., 1996. Glucocorticoids and damage to the nervous system: The current state of confusion. Stress, 1: 1-19.
Direct Link - Doyle, P., F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud and B. Jeanrenaud, 1993. Local cerebral glucose utilization in brains of lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) rats. Am. J. Physiol., 264: E29-E36.
Direct Link - Horner, H., D. Packan and R. Sapolsky, 1990. Glucocorticoids inhibit glucose transport in cultured hippocampal neurons and glia. Neuroendocrinol., 52: 57-64.
Direct Link - Reagan, L.P., A.M. Magarinos and B.S. McAwen, 1999. Neurological changes induced by stress in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 893: 126-137.
Direct Link - Rai, V., U. Lyer and U.V. Mani, 1997. Effect of Tulasi Ocimum sanctum leaf powder supplementation on blood sugar levels serum lipids and tissue lipids in diabetic rats. Plant Foods Human Nut., 50: 9-16.
PubMedDirect Link - Manisckam, M.M., M.A. Ramanthan, J.P. Jahromi, J. Chasouria and A.B. Ray, 1997. Antihyperglycemic activity of phenolics from Pterocapus marsupium. J. Nat. Products, 60: 609-610.
CrossRefDirect Link - Agel, M. and R. Shaheen, 1996. Effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds on the uterine smooth muscle of rat and guinea pig. J. Ethnopharmacol., 52: 23-26.
CrossRefDirect Link - El Tahir, K.E.H., M.M.S. Ashour and M.M. Al-Harbi, 1993. The Cardiovascular actions of the volatile oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa) in rats: Elucidation of the mechanisms of action. Gen. Pharmar., 24: 1123-1131.
CrossRef - Zaoui, A., Y. Cherrah, M.A. Lacaille-Dubois, A. Settaf, H. Amarouch and M. Hassar, 2000. Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Therapie, 55: 379-382, (In French).
PubMedDirect Link - Al-Awadi, F.M. and K.A. Gumaa, 1987. Studies on the activity of individual plants of an antidiabetic plant mixture. Acta Diabetol., 24: 37-41.
CrossRefDirect Link - Shapiro, E.T., K.S. Polonsky, G. Copinschi, D. Bosson, H. Tillil, J. Blackman, G. Lewis and E. Van Cauter, 1991. Nocturnal elevation of glucose levels during fasting in noninsulin-dependent diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol., 72: 444-454.
Direct Link - Chan, O., S. Chan, K. Iouye, M. Vrnic and S.G. Matthews, 2001. Molecular regulation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes: Effects of insulin treatment. Endocrinology, 142: 4872-4879.
Direct Link - Lefebvre, P.J.and A.S. Luyckx, 1979. Glucagon and diabetes: A reappraisal. Diabetologia., 16: 347-354.
Direct Link - Reagan, L.P., A.M. Magarinos, L.R. Lucas, A. Van Bueren, A.L. McCall and B.S. McEwen, 1999. Regulation of GLUT-3 glucose transporter in the hippocampus of diabetic rats subjected to stress. Am. J. Physiol., 276: E879-E886.
Direct Link