Parveen Jamal
International Islamic Medical University Malaysia, Malaysia
Md. Zahangir Alam
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
M. Ramlan
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
M. Salleh
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Masrina M. Nadzir
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
In this study, screening of potential microbes, especially Aspergillus, for citric acid production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is carried out to improve the product yield. The fermentation of the raw material POME for the production of citric acid was conducted by the liquid state fermentation process. A total of ten strains of Aspergillus were selected for the screening test of which six strains were isolated from Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge (STP Sludge), purified and identified up to genus level and four strains of Aspergillus were from lab stock. All strains were screened under controlled fermentation conditions such as pH range of 2-3, temperature 30°C and agitation 150 rpm, using 1% (w/w) of substrate (POME), 2% (w/w) co-substrate (wheat flour) with inoculum size of 2% (106 spore mL -1 ). These strains were examined in terms of maximum citric acid production, biosolid production (TSS%) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. The strain Aspergillus (A103) produced the highest concentration of citric acid (0.28 g L -1 ), TSS (12.7 g L -1 ) and COD removal (72%) followed by A1020, A-SS106 and others on 2-4 days of fermentation.
PDF References
How to cite this article
Parveen Jamal, Md. Zahangir Alam, M. Ramlan, M. Salleh and Masrina M. Nadzir, 2005. Screening of Aspergillus for Citric Acid Production from Palm Oil Mill
Effluent. Biotechnology, 4: 275-278.
DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2005.275.278
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=biotech.2005.275.278
DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2005.275.278
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=biotech.2005.275.278
REFERENCES
- Grewal, H.S. and K.L. Kalra, 1995. Fungal production of citric acid. Biotechnol. Adv., 13: 209-234.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Singh, S.P., U.N. Verma, H.K.K. Kishor and G. Samdani, 1998. Effect of concentration of medium constituents on citric acid production by submerged fermentation. Orient J. Chem., 14: 133-135.
Direct Link - Ali, S., Ikram-ul-Haq, M.A. Qadeer and J. Iqbal, 2002. Production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using cane molasses in a stirred fermentor. Electron. J. Biotechnol., 5: 114-125.
Direct Link - Ahmad, A.L., S. Ismail and S. Bhatia, 2003. Water recycling from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) using membrane technology. Desalination, 157: 87-95.
CrossRefDirect Link - Oswal, N., P.M. Sarma, S.S. Zinjarde and A. Pant, 2002. Palm oil mill effluent treatment by a tropical marine yeast. Bioresour. Technol., 85: 35-37.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Marrier, J.R. and M. Boulet, 1958. Direct determination of citric acid in milk with an improved pyridine-acetic anhydride method. J. Dairy Sci., 41: 1683-1692.
CrossRefDirect Link - Miller, G.L., 1959. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem., 31: 426-428.
CrossRefDirect Link