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Research Article
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Growth and Yield Performance of Anchote [Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)
Cogn.] in Response to Contrasting Environment |
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Daba Mengesha,
Derbew Belew,
Wosene Gebreselassie
and
Waktole Sori
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ABSTRACT
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Among the major root and tuber crops, anchote is a potential crop produced in West Wollega zone of Ethiopia. It serves as a food, cultural, social and economical crop for the farming communities. Due to the lower attention given to the research and development of anchote, there is no variety so far developed and released. Ten promising anchote accessions were tested at Jimma and Ebantu from June 2010 until October 2010 to determine agronomic performance of the accessions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that yield and yield components were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the majority of the accessions under Ebantu than Jimma condition. The highest total biomass, 19.13 kg per 4 m2 plot, was obtained at Ebantu from accession 223098 while the maximum total biomass at Jimma was only 11.69 kg per 4 m2 plot that was obtained from accession 223087. Almost all accessions took longer average time (128 days) to reach 90% maturity under Ebantu condition than Jimma which took 109 days on average. The maximum storage root yield (76.45 t ha-1) was observed for an accession No. 223098, under Ebantu condition, while, the lowest yield was obtained from accession No. 240407 (51.54 t ha-1) under Jimma condition. The highest mean dry matter (30%) was obtained under Ebantu condition for almost all accessions. On the other hand, the lowest mean dry matter (20%) was obtained under Jimma condition. From this study the six accessions 223109, 223087, 223098, 223096, 90802 and 229702 produced better storage root yield, high dry matter content, high biological yield across the two environments indicating a good performance and adaptation. Therefore, these accessions are suggested to farmers in areas of Jimma, Ebantu and with other areas of similar agro-ecological zones.
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Received: December 03, 2011;
Accepted: April 25, 2012;
Published: July 19, 2012
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INTRODUCTION
Anchote [Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.] is an annual trailing vine belonging
to the cucurbitaceous family best known and grown principally for its tuberous
root even though its tender leaves are also widely used as food. Among the major
root and tuber crops anchote is a potential crop produced on nearly 3000 ha
of land in West Wollega zone with a yield about 25,000 tonnes (Anonymous,
2011) and it is used as food, cultural, social and economical crop for the
farming communities. The genus Coccinia is made up of 30 spp. of which
eight are reported to occur in Ethiopia. The species recorded in flora of Ethiopia
since 1995 include C. abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn., C. adoensis (Hochst.
Ex. A. Rich.) Cogn.), C. grandis (L.) Voigh (Syn. C. indica wight
and Arn.), C. megarhiza, C. Jeffrey and C. schliebenii Harms.
The remaining three species have not yet been described (Abera
et al., 1995).
Anchote is cultivated in areas between 1300-2800 m above sea level where the
annual rainfall ranged between 762-1016 mm (Amare, 1973).
Ethiopia has 18 agro-ecological zones which are endowed with suitable climatic
and edaphically conditions for quality and quantity production of various kinds
of root and tuber crops (EIAR, 2008). The majority of
the Ethiopian population depends mainly on cereal crops as food source. The
food potential of root and tuber crops has not yet been fully exploited and
utilized despite their significant contributions towards food security, income
generation, provision of food energy and resource base conservation (EIAR,
2008). The low agricultural productivity, recurrent drought and socio-political
factors have greatly contributed to critical food shortages in Ethiopia coupled
with over-dependence on few cereal crops; thus, integration of root and tuber
crops into the food system of the people should be given a serious attention.
Due to the lower attention given to the research and development of anchote,
there is no variety so far developed and released. There are traditional selection
practices being followed by farmers to have anchote types of desirable qualities,
such as larger tuber size (Desta, 2011). According to
a report (Abera et al., 1995), women usually do
the selection and maintenance of good quality anchote root and discard of the
undesirable ones. Farmers have their own experience by which they maintain seeds
for the next planting. Among the quality attributes the farmers take in to account
are cooking quality, durable quality and time taken for tuber formation. Beyond
the traditional experience, there is no scientific research done on the selection
of more yielder and better adaptive varieties of this crop. Thus, the study
was conducted with the objectives of determining the agronomic performance of
different anchote accessions and to assess the influence of growing environment
on the performance of the accessions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Description of the study area: The trial was conducted at two locations
namely Jimma (Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
and East Wollega Zone (Ebantu district, Adami Kebele). Jimma is located in south-west
part of Ethiopia, at 356 km southwest from Addis Ababa. The study area is located
at approximate geographic coordinates of latitude 06°36' N and longitude
of 37°12' E at an altitude of 1710 m above sea level. It receives an annual
average rainfall of 1600 mm and has mean minimum and maximum temperatures of
11.8 and 28°C, respectively. The major soil types that represent the study
area are black (koticha) to red soils; chromic nitosol; combiosl bottomland.
The soil is clay loam in texture (Kidanu et al.,
2010). Ebantu district is found in East Wollega Zone. It is located in western
central part of Ethiopia at approximately 483 km west of Addis Ababa. It has
latitude and longitude of 9°5'N and 36°33'E, respectively. It has an
altitude of 2100 m above sea level. Receiving an annual average rainfall of
1244 mm and has mean minimum, maximum and average air temperatures 14.1, 27.9
and 20.6°C, respectively. The major soil types representing the study area
are black to red sandy soils and loam sandy soil in texture (Anonymous,
2009).
Materials used in the experiment: Ten promising anchote accessions (all in the genus Coccina and species abyssinica) namely: Kuwe, 90801, 90802, 223087, 223096, 223098, 223109, 223101, 229702 and 240407 were taken from Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC) which were collected from different anchote growing area of the country (Table 1) and planted at the two locations. Seeds were used as planting material for all accessions.
Experimental design: The experimental design was a randomized complete
block design with three replications. The plot size was fixed at two meter long
and two meter width and each plot was having five rows with 10 plants each and
with row spacing of 40 cm. Between plant spacing was 20 cm and the plots were
0.6 m apart from each other and one meter between replications. The total number
of plots was thirty. In the designed plots three seeds per hill were sown. Seeds
were planted on well prepared five rows per beds at 5 cm depth in the soil.
Sowing was done on 1st June, 2010 for both locations. In the trial, organic
fertilizer (FYM) was applied before one month of sowing date in all the plots
by broad casting similarly (five t ha-1 FYM at Ebantu and six t ha-1
FYM at Jimma) as recommended at Bako Agricultural Research Center. Seeds were
planted directly on the beds. Weeds were removed manually. Harvesting was done
on 3rd October and 19th October 2010 for Jimma and Ebantu, respectively when
more than 90% of the plants in a plot showed physiological maturity (at >90%
leaves senescence). The necessary agronomic practices such as planting, fertilizer
rate, weeding and harvesting were implemented according to recommendations set
for anchote (Bako Agricultural Research Center, 2004;
Desta, 2011). According to a study, the ideal organic
fertilizer rate for better yield of anchote is five t ha-1 on sandy
loam soil and six t ha-1 on red soil (chromic nitosol) and the same
recommended amount was used in this experiment before one month of planting
and after two months of planting when root development started (Girma
and Gudeta, 2007). Quantitative variables were recorded on 15 randomly selected
plants from the three middle rows of the five rows per bed of each accession.
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute descriptor list for sweet potato
(Huaman, 2002) and for cucurbit species (ECPGR,
2008) were adopted with some modifications to suit with the crop performance
to record the quantitative variables.
Growth variables
Emergence percentage (EP): The emergence percentage
was calculated after 20 days of sowing by counting numbers of seeds that emerged
from each plot and dividing by the total sown and then plots average was taken.
Vine numbers (VN): Number of vines per single hill was counted after the maturity of the plant or at four months of sowing, from sampled plants of each of the 15 randomly taken plants on each plot and then average was worked out. Vine length (VL): Vine length was measured after the maturity of the plant or at four months of sowing in meters from base to tip of the plant by randomly taking 15 plants from each plot and then average was worked out. Vine internodes length (VIL): Vine internodes length was measured after the maturity of the plant or at four months of sowing in centimeter by taking the representative part or the middle portion of vines from 15 sampled plants. Number of leaves (NoL): The total number of leaves was counted three times on two months, three months and four months of sowing from 15 randomly selected sampled plants and then the samples average was calculated. Leaf area (LA): Leaf area was recorded by measuring the length into width. i.e., Leaf area (cm2) = Leaf length (cm) x leaf width (cm). Leaf area was measured from the middle parts of the plant by selecting 15 leaves at random from each plot and then average was done at full maturity stage from 15 sampled plants. Total biomass (TBM): Was obtained by measuring the total above and below ground biological yield in kg from each plot at harvest.
Yield variables: Yield data were obtained by harvesting 15 plants from
the three middle rows of each plot. Total root yield was then converted to mean
root yield per hectare (t ha-1). The marketable tubers consisted
of large clean roots (>55 mm in diameter) and medium roots were 15-55 mm,
while the unmarketable portion portion consisted of small roots (<15 mm diameter)
like sweet potato (Holland et al., 2003).
Number of storage roots (NR): The average numbers of storage roots per single hill was determined by counting from sample plants of each of the 15 randomly taken plants on each plot and then the average was worked out (The clustered number of storage roots per plant was counted). Storage root diameter (SRD): The diameter of roots was measured at the middle of root in millimeter from 15 randomly selected sample storage roots and then the average was taken from each plot. Total storage root weight (TRW): The clustered number of storage roots per plant was counted randomly to obtain 15 sample storage roots and the same was measured using a sensitive balance (BP 1600-S) in kilogram (kg) and the average was recorded. Marketable storage root yield (MRY): MRY was measured in kilogram from the total of yield, which was not affected by disease, not over sized, not under sized and not damaged storage roots from each plot. Unmarketable storage root yields (UMRY): That measured in kilogram from the total storage root yield that affected, damaged, under or over sized storage root from each plot. Total storage root yield (TRY): The total root yield measured in tonnes per hectare from the sampled plants to the overall plots.
Data analysis: Raw data were subjected to analysis for RCBD. The statistical
analysis was done using SAS statistical package (SAS, 2002)
version 9.2. Mean separation was done using Least Significant Difference (LSD)
at 5% significance level.
Table 1: |
Ecological description of ten anchote accessions used for
the experiment |
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SNNPR: Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's region |
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Growth variables
Emergence percentage and stand count: The emergence percentage of anchote
accessions was significantly different (p<0.05) due to accessions and environments.
The mean emergence percentage ranged from 95 to 42% (Table 2).
Maximum mean emergence percentage 95% was obtained from accession No. 229702,
followed by accession No. 223109 (87%). However, the latter was not significantly
different from accession No.223101 (86%) at Jimma condition. Minimum mean emergence
percentage was observed in accession No.223087 (42%) at Ebantu condition. Similarly,
the other accessions Kuwe, 90802, 223098, 223109, 223101 were emerged above
the overall average (75%) of both locations. However, emergence percentage of
accessions No. 90801, 223087 and 223096 was below the overall average of both
locations. These results are in conformity with a study which reported existence
of variation in emergence percentage of yam genotypes. The author also reported
that emergence percentage of genotypes varied depending on the environmental
condition (soil temperature) (Zanklan, 2003).
In this study, earlier emergence of anchote seeds was observed under Jimma
condition compared to that of Ebantu. Such difference might be due to variation
of the two locations in terms of average temperature among other factors. Jimma
condition had comparatively higher mean average temperature (18.8°C) as
compared to that of Ebantu (16.8°C). After emergence, the number of seedlings
was not affected by location; as a result almost all seedlings survived in both
locations. As a result the stand count at emergence was statistically similar
with the emergence percentage of the same accession among all the accessions
(Table 2). This shows that anchote seedling can adapt in different
environmental conditions after germination and have the capacity to tolerate
different environmental conditions after emergence.
Vine number, vine internodes length and vine length per plant: Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the accessions, in terms of vine number due to accessions and environments. The highest average vine number (3.06) was observed in accession No. 223109, which was on par with accession No. 223101 (3.03), 223098 (2.94) and 223096 (2.93) under Ebantu condition. The lowest vine number (2.00) was recorded in accession No. 90801 also under Ebantu condition. Accessions 223087, 223096, 223098, 223109, 223101, 229702 and 240407 had above the overall mean vine number (2.46), predominantly under Jimma condition. However, accessions No. 90801, Kuwe and 90802 recorded below the overall average vine number (2.03, 2.06 and 2.15), respectively (Table 3). These results imply that the performance of anchote accessions varies with both accessions and environments.
In terms of vine length, accessions and environments have significant differences
(p<0.05). The tallest vine (6.23 m) was produced by accession No. 223098,
followed by accession No. 90802 (5.56 m). However, the latter was not significantly
different from accession No. 223087 (5.33 m) under Ebantu condition. On the
other hand, the smallest length (1.76 m) was recorded in accession No. 240407
also under Ebantu condition. The vine length had greater variation among the
accessions under Ebantu condition than under Jimma condition this may be due
to the interaction of accessions differently with the environment. Hence, the
overall average vine length for both locations was (2.78 m); accession No. 90802,
223087, 223096, 223098, 223109, 223101 and 229702 were had vine length above
the overall mean under the two locations.
Table 2: |
Emergence percentage and stand count of anchote accessions
as affected by locations |
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Means with the same letter are not significantly different
at p = 0.05 |
Table 3: |
Some growth variables of anchote accessions as affected by
locations |
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Means with the same letter are not significantly different
at p = 0.05 |
However, accession No. 90801, Kuwe and 240407 had the lowest vine length (2.68,
2.6 and 1.76 m), respectively under Jimma condition (Table 3).
Accessions and environments had significant differences (p<0.05) in vine
internode length, the trend of which, was similar to that of vine length. The
tallest vine internode length (10.46 cm) was produced by accession No. 223109,
followed by accession No. 223098 (9.76 cm). However, the latter was not significantly
different from accession No. 223096 (9.56 cm) under Jimma condition. On the
other hand the smallest length (7.23 cm) was recorded in accession No. 90801
under Ebantu condition. However, it was not significantly different from accession
No. 90802 (7.5 cm) (Table 3). The variability in internode
length among accessions could be due to the genetic difference and or the environmental
effects. According to (Gichimu et al., 2009),
long and highly branching main vine directly translated to high fruit yields
in cucurbits. This also occurred in anchote accessions having long main vines
that are directly translated to internodes length. The variation in plant height
could be due to genetic make-up of the varieties. Plant height may differ in
varieties due to environmental conditions which in turn cause variation in hormonal
balance and cell division rate (Chauhan et al., 2005).
All accessions developed one vine during emergence and later, after two months
of planting, developed more number of vines on one main root. Thus, most of
the accessions had about six vines per plant. This result is in accord with
the findings (Gichimu et al., 2009) who stated
water melon accession of Kenya had no main vine as all its vines were found
to emerge from one point at the base of the plant, just above the soil surface.
The difference in ground coverage could be due to the difference in genetic
makeup of the accessions and perhaps due to temperature difference or solar
radiation, Ebantu site is found on high altitude and the photosynthesis rate
is high; this photosynthesis rate initiate or facilitate the growth rate of
the plant. As a result the yield and all yield components of the plant were
higher at Ebantu than at Jimma condition. The growth type of all accessions
was found to be indeterminate with continually growing vine tips for more than
four months. This concurs to the finding (Gichimu et
al., 2009) who reported that cucurbits are very similar in above ground
development but have high genetic diversity for fruit shape and other fruit
characteristics. The growth type in runner plant species is due primarily to
the genetic makeup of their character (Chauhan et al.,
2005). The indeterminate growth nature in anchote is indeterminate as its
family members, Cucurbitaceae.
Number of leaves and leaf area: The data obtained on number of leaves
revealed that accessions and environments had significant differences (p<0.05)
within the accessions and across the locations. The largest number of leaves
(31.23) was produced by accession No. 223098, followed by accession No.90802
(30.56). However, it was not statistically different from accessions No. 223087
(30.33) and 223096 (29.4) under Ebantu condition. Minimum leaf number (26.76)
was produced by accession No. 240407 and it was statistically on par with accessions
No. 90801(27.68) and Kuwe (27.6) under Ebantu condition. The overall average
number of leaves for both locations was (28.51); and accession No. 90802, 223087,
223096, 90801, 223098, 223109 and 229702 scored above the overall average under
the two locations. However, accessions No. 240407, Kuwe and 223101 had lower
leaf number than the overall average leaf number under both locations (Table
4).
Table 4: |
Leaves per plant and leaf area of anchote accessions as affected
by locations |
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Means with the same letter are not significantly different
at p = 0.05 |
Ebantu site produced large number of leaves and more height of the vine, this
may be due to the sandy loam soil suitability of the site than Jimma clay slit
soil, which was a little less suitability in normal growing of the crop. In
general, more numbers of accessions produced large number of leaves under Ebantu
condition than Jimma condition. This may be due to soil difference and/or temperature.
This shows that majority of the accessions responded more positively to Ebantu
than Jimma conditions with regarded to growth. This is in agreement with a report
mentioning a great variability in the performance of the accessions at different
locations, illustrating a strong accession by environment effect (Ortiz
et al., 2007).
The significant environment and accessions component of interaction indicated
that wide differences between the environment and differential genotypic behaviours
in the environments. However, the significant deviation from the overall mean
revealed the importance of the interaction between accessions with environment.
Significantly higher average leaf area was obtained under Ebantu condition (86.45
cm2) from accession No. 223098. However, the low average leaf area
(58.54 cm2) was obtained under Jimma condition from accession No.
240407 (Table 4). This shows the presence of genetic variability
among accessions evaluated and that the accessions interact with the environment
resulting in differential genotypic response. This finding agrees with reports
in yam (Belford et al., 2001) and in potato (Showemimo,
2007), that high yielding varieties tended to be upright with broad leaves
than low yielding varieties as in case of this study. The variation in leaf
area may also be attributed to variation in genetic make-up and adaptability
of these accessions to different environmental conditions and this may be due
to physiological process difference among the accessions. Similarly, it was
explained (Ahmad et al., 2008) that the variation
in leaf area and other parameters in different varieties at different locations
may also be attributed to varying genetic make-up, soil and environmental adaptability.
According to the result from high yielding accessions, larger leaf area value
was recorded; in accession number 223098 (86.45 cm2 leaf area and
76.45 t ha-1 storage root yield), 90802 (82.29 cm2 leaf
area and 72.29 t ha-1 storage root yield) and 223087 (80.83 cm2
leaf area and 70.83 t ha-1 storage root yield). Lower leaf area was
scored in accession number 240407 (58.54 cm2). The range of the leaf
area among the accessions was between 58.54 cm2 and 86.45 cm2.
According to a report (Lebot, 2009), an early development
of the root system in root and tuber crops, occurs during the period of vine
growth and leaf area acquisition and finally tuber development.
Total biomass: Significant differences were observed (p<0.05) among
the accessions and environments with regard to total biomass. The highest weight
(19.13 kg) was produced by accession No. 223098, followed by accession No. 90802
(18.16 kg) under Ebantu condition. On the other hand, the smallest weight (9.53
kg) was recorded in accession No. 240407 under Jimma condition. However, it
was not statistically different from accessions No. 90801 (10.36 kg) and Kuwe
(10.21 kg). The total biomass of anchote had greater variation among the accessions
under Ebantu than under Jimma; this may be due to the growth response of accessions
differently with the environments. Hence, the overall average of total biomass
for both locations was (12.59 kg); accessions No. 90802, 223087, 223096, 223098,
223109 and 229702 scored total biomass greater than the overall average, the
majority of which were under Ebantu condition.
Table 5: |
Some yield variables of anchote accessions as affected by
locations |
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Means with the same letter are not significantly different
at p = 0.05 |
However, accessions No. 90801, Kuwe, 223101 and 240407 recorded below the
overall average weight under the two locations (Table 5).
It was in conformity with a report (Nagy, 2007) who explained
that plant gained weight may differ in varieties due to environmental conditions
which in turn cause variation in hormonal balance and cell division rate.
Storage root number per plant, storage root diameter and storage root yield:
The data regarding number of roots revealed that accessions and environments
had significant differences (p<0.05) in storage root number. The highest
storage root number (3.06) was observed in accession No. 223109, which was statistically
on par with accessions No. 223096(3.03), 223098(2.94) and 223101(2.93) under
Ebantu condition. However, the lowest storage root number was recorded (2.00)
in accession No. 90801 also under Ebantu condition. Accessions No. 223087(2.39),
229702(2.52) and 240407(2.5) had above the overall average (2.28) the majority
of which were under Jimma condition. Accessions No. 90801(2.01), Kuwe (2.18)
and 90802 (2.17) had the lowest overall average storage root number under the
two locations (Table 5). These results imply that the performance
of anchote accessions varies with both accession and environment. The number
of storage roots in the accession was found to be directly related to the germination
percentage and the number of established plants. Accessions varied significantly
(p<0.05) with regard to the storage root diameter across the environment.
Significantly the highest storage root diameter (55 mm) was obtained under Ebantu
condition from accession No. 223098, which was statistically on par with accession
No. 90802 (52.2 mm) at the same location. However, low storage root diameter
(25.5 mm) was obtained under Jimma condition from accession No. 240407 (Table
5). This shows the presence of genetic variability among accessions evaluated
and that the accessions interact with the environments resulting in differential
genotypic response. This finding agrees with (Manrique and
Hermann, 2000) which showed significant difference among genotypes across
locations for root diameter of sweet potato. Significantly the highest total
storage root yield (76.45 t ha-1) was obtained under Ebantu condition
from accession 223098, followed by accession No. 90802 (72.29 t ha-1).
However, the latter was statistically on par with accession No. 223080 (70.83
t ha-1) under Ebantu condition. On the other hand, low storage root
yield (48.54 t ha-1) was also obtained under Ebantu condition from
accession No. 240407. Hence, accessions No. 90802, 90801, 223087, 223096, 223098
and 223109 produced storage root yield above the overall average (63.23 t ha-1)
in both locations (Table 6). However, accessions No. 223101,
Kuwe, 90801 below the overall average. This shows the presence of genetic variability
among accessions evaluated and that the accessions interact with environments
resulting in differential genotypic response. This finding agrees with those
in yam (Belford et al., 2001) and in potato (Showemimo,
2007); the significant accessions and accession by environment component
of interaction indicated wide differences between the environments and differential
genotypic behaviour in the environments. The significant accession by environment
indicated that response of accessions to change in environment was not the same
for all accessions evaluated.
A high storage root yield is among the top criteria for farmers for crop variety
selection. Reportedly, an average root yield of anchote was 70.0 t ha-1
on vertisol (Desta, 2011). However, in this study with
application of organic fertilizers at Jimma site mean of 57.95 t ha-1,
most of the accessions produced higher yields, while at Ebantu site mean of
76.45 t ha-1, in this case almost all of the accessions produced
higher yield as shown in Table 6.
Table 6: |
Storage root weight, marketable yield and total storage root
yield of anchote accessions as affected by location |
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Means with the same letter are not significantly different
at p = 0.05 |
In general, accessions 223087, 223109, 223098, 223096, 90802 and 229702 gave
higher yields at both sites. From this study all the storage root yield produced
were highly marketable (Table 6) this was because there was
no damaged and affected roots, also there was no over and under sized roots
(all had average size ranging from 18 mm to 55 mm) (Table 5)
which is in the range of the average size for anchote (Desta,
2011). As a result, all the total yields were marketable even though there
were slight variations among accessions and across the locations. Overall, anchote
yield and yield components varied among accessions and locations (Table
6). The variation in yield among locations may be attributed to weather
or climatic factors and the duration of growing periods. The maturity period
of Anchote at Ebantu (2100 m.a.s.l.) took considerably longer time than at Jimma
(1710 m.a.s.l.), which may be contributing to vigorous growth and perhaps more
dry matter accumulation and make the storage root take longer time to reach
physiological maturity. Previous research on sweet potato has shown that greater
plant growth and dry matter accumulation could be expected at high altitude
locations in the tropics (Behera et al., 2010).
The variation in yield may also be attributed to accessions response to the
environment at specific locations. These results are similar to the findings
of yield differences among sweet potato genotypes previously reported in other
environments (Manrique and Hermann, 2000). The variation
in root yield may be due to climatic or soil factor differences among locations,
especially during the root growing period. Water stress during critical periods
of root growing have been shown to result in low root yield and quality defects
in anchote; in Jimma there was high rain than Ebantu during the growing period.
The analysis of variance for root yield across environments resulted in significant
differences (p<0.05) of accessions in both environments. The significant
differences of accessions and environments suggest that root yield and yield
component of anchote accessions varied across environments. Previous research
has shown similar results of differences in yield of sweet potato cultivars
among locations (Singh, 2003). The high root productivity
and the genetic potential in anchote were not investigated so far, its storage
roots are much more sticky and/or dense than other root and tuber crops. The
wider variability in root revealed in anchote accessions is in agreement with
the root traits diversity exhibited in dry matter and root yield variability
of sweet potato germplasm collection from Tanzania (Elameen
et al., 2011).
Storage root yield of anchote accessions with compression to other root and
tuber crops found in Ethiopia, according to Amsalu et
al. (2008), released taro varieties from Jimma Agricultural Research
Center yielded 9 t ha-1 on research site and 45 t ha-1
for yam. Sweet potato yields 15-34 t ha-1 roots for different varieties
(Assefa et al., 2008; Girma
et al., 2008; Million, 2008). A study also
revealed that the tuber yield of released potato varieties ranged from 22-47
t ha-1 (Gebremedhin et al., 2008).
However, in this study anchote is the highest yielding storage root crop (42-76
t ha-1) and it has a prospect to develop the better variety from
the presently tested accessions by testing their yield (Table
6).
CONCLUSION
The anchote accessions tested showed a differential response to the different
environments tested. From this study, we conclude six accessions: 223109, 223087,
223098, 223096, 90802 and 229702 produced better storage root yield, high dry
matter content, high biological yield across the two environments indicating
a good performance and adaptation. Therefore, these accessions are suggested
to be produced by farmers in areas of Jimma, Ebantu and other areas of similar
agro-ecological zones.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to acknowledge Oromiya Educational Bureau for financially supporting the study.
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